Fertiliser technology
01 November 1997 00:00 [Source: APC]
| LICENSOR | TYPE OF LICENCE | APPROVED CONTRACTOR |
FEEDSTOCK | PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMMONIA | ||||
| Ammonia Casale | Non-exclusive | Davy (Kvaerner John Brown) Foster Wheeler Jacobs Engineering KTI Lurgi Linde CLE Technip ABB Lummus Global Chiyoda Ube Industries MW Kellogg |
Any | Axial-radial reactor for ammonia synthesis |
| Bechtel | Bechtel | Natural gas | Conventional process, low energy consumption | |
| Brown & Root Petroleum and Chemicals |
Technology fee; worldwide |
Brown & Root Petroleum and Chemicals Technip Tecnimont |
Natural gas, naphtha, refinery gas, LPG |
Gas turbine driven process air compressor exhaust used as combustion air in primary reformer. Mild primary reforming, excess air in secondary reformer. Cryogenic purification of synthesis gas after methanation. Adiabatic synthesis. Lower refrigeration needs |
| GIAP | Russian Federation patents |
GIAP | Natural gas, coal or naphtha |
600 and 1360 tonne/day plants |
| Haldor Topsøe | Natural gas, naphtha or mixtures |
Steam reforming with optional prereforming, shift,
CO2 removal, methanation, synthesis |
||
| Haldor Topsøe | Fuel oil or coal | Gasification, sulphur tolerant shift, sour gas removal, methanation, synthesis |
||
| Haldor Topsøe | Nitrogen, hydrogen, or hydrogen-rich off- gas |
Feed gas purification (cryogenic or by PSA), compression, synthesis |
||
| Howe-Baker Engineers Inc |
Included in project sale | Howe-Baker | Natural gas, LPG, naphtha |
Ammonia converter from ICI, in-house technology for remaining process system |
| ICI Katalco | Non-exclusive | Chiyoda Kvaerner Process Technology Mannesmann Linde |
Natural gas or naphtha |
'LCA' ammonia process. High efficiency, small scale process, compact, non-fired steam reformer, single shift, pressure swing purification, low pressure synthesis |
| ICI Katalco | Non-exclusive | Chiyoda Kvaerner Proces Technology Mannesmann KTI |
Natural gas or naphtha |
'AMV' ammonia process. Non-stoichiometric hydrogen/nitrogen ratios. Low loop pressure. Total energy consumption - 27 GJ/tonne |
| Jacobs Engineering | Worldwide | Jacobs Engineering others by arrangement |
Natural gas/naphtha | Excess air, PSA unit low pressure synthesis |
| Jacobs Engineering | Worldwide | Jacobs Engineering Others by arrangement |
Waste hydrogen | 100-2000 tonne/day. Low pressure synthesis loop |
| Jacobs Engineering | Worldwide | Jacobs Engineering others by arrangement |
Natural gas | Revamp - 50% increase without reformer change |
| Kinetics Technology International |
General | KTI | Natural gas | ICI LCA heat exchanger reforming and synthesis in a LP loop |
| Krupp Uhde | Exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Coal, lignite, carbonaceous materials |
Synthesis gas by Texaco or HTW gasification |
| Krupp Uhde | Exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Coal, lignite, other carbonaceous materials eg peat, biomass |
High temperature Winkler (HTW) fluidised bed gasification under pressure |
| Krupp Uhde | Intecsa Krupp Uhde UIL |
Natural gas, naphtha | Steam reforming | |
| KTI | Worldwide, non- exclusive |
KTI | Natural gas, methane, naphtha |
'Parc', using nitrogen and hydrogen from PSA plus ammonia loop |
| Licensintorg/GIAP | Proprietary | GIAP | Natural gas | Two-stage, tandem, catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons. First stage: tube converter. Can also be used for hydrogen production |
| Linde | Non-exclusive | Linde | Heavy residue | Partial oxidation, gas purification, ammonia synthesis |
| LICENSOR | TYPE OF LICENCE | APPROVED CONTRACTOR |
FEEDSTOCK | PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linde | Know-how fee, non-exclusive |
Linde | Natural gas or naphtha |
Steam reforming, CO-shift, PSA, ammonia synthesis |
| MW Kellogg Technology |
Proprietary | MW Kellogg Toyo Engineering |
Natural gas through naphtha |
'Kaap'/'Kres' proprietary technology |
| Texaco Development Corporation |
Know-how fee, non-exclusive |
Most major contractors |
Heavy residual oil, liquid hydrocarbons, coals, carbonaceuous solids, petroleum coke and coal- |
Product: derived liquids partial oxidation, CO-shift, selective removal of acid gases, nitrogen wash, ammonia synthesis |
| AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS | ||||
| BASF | Non-exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate |
Precipitation of calcium carbonate from calcium nitrate tetrahydrate by reaction with ammonia and carbon dioxide |
| Incro | Non-exclusive | Ammonia, urea, ammonia liquor 80% |
Product: N32 liquid fertiliser | |
| Incro | Non-exclusive | Ammonium nitrate, ammonia |
Product: N41 liquid fertiliser. Dissolution | |
| AMMONIUM NITRATE | ||||
| GIAP | Russian Federation patents |
GIAP | Ammonia, nitric acid | Product: Ammonium nitrate prills 1600 tonne/day plants |
| GIAP | Russian Federation patents |
GIAP | Ammonia, nitric acid, additive |
Product: Porous ammonium nitrate |
| GIAP | Proprietary | GIAP | Ammonium nitrate | Product: Porous ammonium nitrate 40 000 tonne/year plants |
| GIAP | Russian Federation patents |
Ammonia, nitric acid, additives |
Product: Waterproof ammonium nitrate | |
| Grande Paroisse | Non-exclusive, basic and extended basic engineering |
Any qualified contractor |
Ammonia, nitric acid | Flexible, high quality, low atmospheric pollution - pipe reactor |
| Grande Paroisse | Non-exclusive, basic and extended basic engineering |
Any qualified contractor |
Prilled/granulated AN/CANs |
Product: Ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate. Coated prilled/granulated free-flowing, suitable for long distance bulk transport under tropical climatic conditions |
| Incro | Non-exclusive | Ammonia, nitric acid | Explosive and fertiliser grades. Energy saving process,
pipe reactor |
|
| John Brown Deutsche Engineering |
Exclusive | John Brown Deutsche Engineering Kvaerner John Brown |
Ammonium nitrate solution, filler material |
Product: Ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate (fertiliser grade) Pug mill granulation to produce granular AN and CAN. Former Stamicarbon process |
| John Brown Deutsche Engineering |
Exclusive | John Brown Deutsche Engineering Kvaerner John Brown |
Ammonia, weak nitric acid |
Product: Ammonium nitrate solution. Atmospheric and pressure (loop reactor) neutralisation. Former Stamicarbon process |
| Kaltenbach- Thuring |
Case by case, non-exclusive, worldwide |
Case by case | Ammonia, nitric acid | Atmospheric and pressure neutraliser. Pipe reactor.
Prilling or granulation |
| Kemira | Krupp Uhde | Ammonia, nitric acid | Product: AN solution. Pressure neutralisation, energy recovery |
|
| Krupp Uhde | Exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Ammonium nitrate solution, additives dolomite |
Fertiliser grades. Evaporation, pugmill granulation or prilling |
| Krupp Uhde | Exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Ammonium nitrate solution |
Product: Ammonium nitrate, ANFO (porous grade) High or low density, evaporation, prilling conditioning |
| Krupp Uhde | Exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Ammonia, nitric acid | Product: AN solution. Vacuum or pressure neutralisation. Energy recovery, process condensate clean-up |
| Polimex-Cekop | Non-exclusive | Polimex-Cekop | Nitrogen from air, methane, nitric acid |
Decomposition of synthesis gas to ammonia, reaction with nitric acid. Platinum catalyst |
| Weatherly Inc | Exclusive | Weatherly Chematur |
Ammonia, nitric acid | Solutions |
| AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE | ||||
| AZF | Non-exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Phosphoric acid, ammonia |
Double pipe reactor |
| Badger | Non-exclusive | Badger | Ammonia, phosphoric acid |
Neutralisation, granulation |
| LICENSOR | TYPE OF LICENCE | APPROVED CONTRACTOR |
FEEDSTOCK | PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grande Paroisse | Non-exclusive, basic and extended basic engineering |
Any qualified contractor |
Phosphoric acid, ammonia, sulphuric acid |
Product Mono- and diammonium phosphates. Dual pipe reactor process. Low energy, no liquid effluent, low atmospheric pollution |
| Incro | Non-exclusive | Phosphoric acid, ammonia |
Product: Diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate. Pipe reactor process. Reaction, granulation, drying |
|
| Incro | Non-exclusive | Liquid ammonia, phosphoric acid |
Product: Monoammomium phosphate, diammonium phosphate. Reaction, granulation. Also offers process for ammonium salts and liquid polyphosphate |
|
| Incro | Non-exclusive | Phosphoric acid, ammonia |
Product: Monoammonium phosphate. Crystal product | |
| Jacobs Engineering | Non-exclusive | Defluorinated phosphoric acid, ammonia |
Product: Animal feed grade mono and diammonium phosphates. Granular |
|
| Jacobs Engineering | Non-exclusive | Phosphoric acid, ammonia |
Product: MAP/DAP slurry process, no fuel required (MAP), pipe reactor |
|
| Kaltenbach- Thuring |
Case by case, non-exclusive, worldwide |
Case by case | Ammonia, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, urea, potash |
Product: Mono- and diammonium phosphates, urea-based fertilisers. Slurry or pipe reactor processes. Low recycling ratio |
| Krupp Uhde | Exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Phosphoric acid, ammonia |
Product: DAP, MAP, various NP grades. Single pipe reactor process resp. pre-neutraliser process |
| Weatherly Inc | Exclusive | Weatherly Chematur |
Phosphoric acid, ammonia |
Product: Granulated DAP |
| Weatherly Inc | Exclusive | Weatherly Chematur |
Product MAP. Pipe reactor/granulated | |
| AMMONIUM SULPHATE | ||||
| Incro | Non-exclusive | Ammonia, sulphuric acid |
Granulated product. Reaction, granulation, drying | |
| Kaltenbach- Thuring |
Case by case, non-exclusive, worldwide |
Case by case | Ammonia, sulphuric acid, ammonium sulphate crystals |
Product: Ammonium sulphate, ammonium sulpho-nitrate. Fluidised drum granulation |
| Krupp Uhde | Exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Ammonia, sulphuric acid |
Crystallisation |
| SUPERPHOSPHATES AND SUPERPHOSPHORIC ACID | ||||
| Badger | Non-exclusive | Badger | Phosphate rock, phosphoric acid |
Product: TSP. Digestion granulation |
| Grande Paroisse | Non-exclusive, basic and extended basic engineering |
Any qualified contractor |
Phosphate rock, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid |
Product SSP, TSP. Rotary drum den and belt. Process accepts all known phosphate |
| Grande Paroisse | Non-exclusive, basic and extended basic engineering |
Any qualified contractor |
Phosphoric acid | Product: Superphosphoric acidLow corrosion, energy saving |
| Grande Paroisse | Non-exclusive, basic and extended basic engineering |
Any qualified contractor |
Phosphate rock, phosphoric acid |
Product: TSP. Granulated product. Direct granulation from slurry. Low recycling ratio |
| Incro | Case by case | Phosphate rock, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid |
Product: Single superphosphate, triplesuperphosphate Reaction, curing |
|
| Jacobs Engineering | Non-exclusive | Phosphate rock, phosphoric acid |
Product: Granular TSP. Two reactors, slurry process | |
| Jacobs Engineering | Non-exclusive | Phosphoric acid (28- 59%) |
Product: Superphosphoric acid (68-72% P205) | |
| Jacobs Engineering | Non-exclusive | Phosphate rock, phosphoric acid |
Product: TSP. Slurry or ROP (run of pile) process | |
| Kaltenbach- Thuring |
Case by case, non-exclusive, worldwide |
Case by case | Phosphate rock, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid |
Product: SSP, TSP. Granulation at the den (belt or Broadfield type) outlet |
| Krupp Uhde | Exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Rock phosphate, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid |
Product: SSP, TSP.DEN process/drum granulation |
| Kvaerner Process Technology | Own | Kvaerner Process Technology |
Phosphate rock, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid |
Product: SSP, TSP. Powder or granules |
| Swenson | Non-exclusive | Technip Speichim | Phosphoric acid | Product: Superphosphoric acid |
| LICENSOR | TYPE OF LICENCE | APPROVED CONTRACTOR |
FEEDSTOCK | PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UREA | ||||
| Bechtel Ltd | Bechtel | Urea | Urea granulation | |
| Incro | Case by case | Prilled urea | Granulated product. Prill fatting in fluidised bed
granulator, drying, screening |
|
| Incro | Case by case | Molten urea | Granulated product. Fluid bed cooler granulator, drying
and screening |
|
| Snamprogetti | Non-exclusive | Snamprogetti Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technip Technipetrol PDIL Bechtel Hyundai Engineering |
Ammonia, carbon dioxide |
Energy efficient and pollution free process |
| Stamicarbon | Non-exclusive | MW Kellogg Foster Wheeler Brown & Root Petroleum and Chemicals Chiyoda Chemoprojekt Krupp Uhde Tecnimont Krebs |
Ammonia, carbon dioxide |
Synthesis at about 140 bar. Carbon dioxide stripping. Simple process, one low pressure recirculation step. Concentration by evaporation/crystallisation. High efficiency. Waste water treatment. Zero pollution. High onstream time. High safety. 'Urea 2000 plus' |
| Toyo Engineering Corporation |
Non-exclusive, case by case |
Toyo Engineering MK Ferguson Salzgitter Tecnicas Reunidas KTI |
Ammonia, carbon dioxide |
High conversion rate. Minimum utility consumption. Spouting bed granulation for spherical, free flowing granules |
| Urea Casale | Non-exclusive | Ube Industries | 'HEC' high efficiency Casale urea reactor trays | |
| Urea Technologies | Non-exclusive | MW Kellogg Fluor Daniel Brown & Root Petroleum and Chemicals Bechtel Ford, Bacon & Davis |
Ammonia, carbon dioxide |
Low installed cost, low cost/tonne. High efficiency and
on- stream factor. Proven process in many installations. Pollution free. Hard, cool uniform prills |
| Weatherly Inc | Exclusive | Weatherly Chematur |
Ammonia, carbon dioxide |
Once-through, partial recycle, total recycle |
| UREA/AMMONIUM NITRATE | ||||
| GIAP | Russian Federation patents |
GIAP | Urea, AN | UAN solution, 32% vol nitrogen |
| Krupp Uhde | Exclusive | Krupp Uhde | Urea, AN | Mixing |
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