Nearly all cyclohexane consumed in the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, which are then used mainly to make adipic acid and caprolactam respectively. These products are used mainly to make nylon 6 or nylon 6,6.
Nylon growth, which is the main driver in the cyclohexane market, has stagnated in many applications to below GDP levels although there is still some growth in nylon plastics for automotive and other resin applications. Future global demand growth for cyclohexane is put at around 2-3%/year.
The bulk of commercial production of cyclohexane is based on the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene because of its simplicity and high efficiency. The reaction can be carried out using liquid or vapour-phase processes.
Cyclohexane is a colourless mobile liquid with a mild etheral odour. Cyclohexane vapour readily forms explosive mixtures in air and flashback is a great hazard to fire fighters.
Cyclohexane
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Cyclohexane
Uses and Outlook
Nearly all cyclohexane consumed in the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, which are then used mainly to make adipic acid and caprolactam respectively. Adipic acid accounts for 60% of cyclohexane demand and is used to make nylon 6,6. Around 75% of global caprolactam is used in nylon 6 manufacture.
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Cyclohexane
Process Technologies
Traditionally, cyclohexane was produced by fractional distillation of naphtha but the separation is difficult because of a large number of components with similar boiling points. The bulk of commercial production is based on the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene because of its simplicity and high efficiency. The reaction can be carried out using liquid or vapour-phase methods in the presence of a highly dispersed catalyst or in a catalytic fixed bed.
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