Acrylic acid and esters are a versatile series on monomers that provide the performance characteristics to many polymer formulations. Major markets for the esters include surface coatings, textiles, adhesives and plastics. Polyacrylic acid or copolymers find applications in superabsorbents, detergents, dispersants, flocculants and thickeners. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are used mainly in disposable nappies.
Long term global growth for acrylic acid is predicted to be 3%/year with bulk acrylates becoming an increasing important outlet for acrylic acid. China is the high growth market for bulk acrylates and acrylic acid.
Modern plants use processes based on the gas phase catalytic oxidation of propylene, which produces acrolein, acrylic acid, acetaldehyde and carbon oxides. Acrylic acid is recovered while the acrolein can be further processed to produce acrylic acid.
Acrylic acid is a flammable, volatile, mildly toxic, clear, colourless liquid with an acrid odour. Acrylic acid vapour is a strong irritant to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes in humans, while the liquid is very corrosive.
Acrylic Acid
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Acrylic Acid
Uses and Outlook
Acrylic acid and esters are a versatile series on monomers that provide the performance characteristics to many polymer formulations. Major markets for the esters include surface coatings, textiles, adhesives and plastics. Polyacrylic acid or copolymers find applications in superabsorbents, detergents, dispersants, flocculants and thickeners. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are used mainly in disposable nappies.
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Acrylic Acid
Process Technologies
Acrylic acid became commercially available when routes based on the reaction of acetylene with water and carbon monoxide, or an alcohol and carbon monoxide to give acrylic acid, were developed. Another early process was the reaction of ketene, obtained by the pyrolysis of acetone or acetic acid, with formaldehyde. All these processes are now obsolete.
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