Chlorine is used in the manufacture of many different products including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), organic and inorganic chemicals, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals as well as chemicals for water treatment and sterilisation.
The chlorine industry has been under considerable environmental pressure for many years. The use of chlorine to bleach pulp and paper has been largely phased out in North America and West Europe due to environmental concerns.
The chlor-alkali market is influenced by economic growth with the result that profitability is cyclical. The supply of chlorine can be influenced by the caustic soda markets since a large proportion of chlorine is co-produced with caustic soda.
Chlorine with its co-product caustic soda is manufactured primarily by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. Traditionally, electrolysis has been carried out by the mercury amalgam or diaphragm cell processes but the ion exchange membrane cell is taking a growing share on environmental and economic grounds.
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow, diatomic gas with a pungent, irritating odour. Exposure can cause burning of eyes, nose, and mouth, coughing, nausea and vomiting, headaches and dizziness. Chlorine exposures most commonly result from either storage or transportation accidents involving the pressurised liquid form.
Chlorine
Price Reports
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Chlorine
Uses and Outlook
Chlorine is used in the manufacture of many different products including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), organic and inorganic chemicals, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals as well as chemicals for water treatment and sterilisation.
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Chlorine
Process Technologies
Chlorine with its co-product caustic soda is manufactured primarily by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. The primary raw material is common salt, usually in the form of underground deposits which are brought to the surface as a solution in a pumped high pressure water supply. The solution is often called brine. The electrolysis process produces 2.25 tonnes of 50% caustic soda with each tonne of chlorine.
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