Ethyl acetate (ETAC) & butyl acetate (BUTAC)

HOUSTON (ICIS)–Shipping container rates from Asia to both US coasts fell again this week as capacity has grown and as volumes have fallen after frontloading to beat tariffs, and liquid tanker rates rose on the transatlantic eastbound route and fell on the US Gulf to Asia trade lane. CONTAINER RATES Rates from Shanghai to Los Angeles fell by 9% this week, according to supply chain advisors Drewry, while rates from Shanghai to New York fell by 6%, as shown in the following chart. Rates to both US coasts are now at their lowest of the year, according to Drewry data. Global average rates in Drewry’s World Container Index fell by 3% and are also at their lowest over the past year, as shown in the following chart. Drewry expects rates to continue to decrease next week due to increased shipping capacity. Rates from online freight shipping marketplace and platform provider Freightos showed significant decreases this week, although their rates are slightly higher than Drewry’s. Judah Levine, head of research at Freightos, said that tariffs – or the threat of tariffs – led to many importers frontloading volumes to beat the announced levies. “The president’s proposed 60% tariffs on Chinese goods could go into effect as soon as April – as could a wider application of reciprocal tariffs on numerous countries – meaning the window to receive goods before then is about closed,” Levine said. Levine said that the combination of a seasonal slump in demand and the possible end of frontloading likely drove the sharp fall in transpacific ocean rates last week. “If frontloading of the past few months was significant enough, we could also expect to see subdued peak season demand and rates as a result,” Levine said. Container ships and costs for shipping containers are relevant to the chemical industry because while most chemicals are liquids and are shipped in tankers, container ships transport polymers, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), are shipped in pellets. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is also shipped in containers. They also transport liquid chemicals in isotanks. LIQUID TANKER RATES MIXED US chemical tanker freight rates assessed by ICIS were mixed week on week. Trade routes from the US remain mixed with several trade lanes slightly higher and others lower. Cargo moving into Asia weakens following the recent tariff announcements and this route has recently seen a decrease of cargoes, as the tariffs have all but halted any spot activity for this trade lane. As a result, rates have dipped from the previous week. On the other hand, the rates from USG to Rotterdam experienced upward pressure. For this trade lane freight rates for March have strengthened, given the amount of space left. A shipowner said it is expecting the trend to continue throughout March, with higher contract of affreightment (COA) utilization leaving very little available space. From the USG to Brazil, this market has remained relatively unchanged but is experiencing some downward pressure. While the market continues to be active it is further influenced by freight availability and a swing in trade lane dynamics. Demand remains soft particularly for larger parcels further pressuring some downward movement. On the USG to India trade lane, the market remains extremely soft with plenty of space available as outsiders have entered the market. As a result, this has placed downward pressure, and rates could fall further on the route if this persists. Several inquiries were seen for monoethylene glycol (MEG), methanol, ethanol, and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), but few fixtures were seen in the market. With additional reporting by Kevin Callahan

07-Mar-2025

HOUSTON (ICIS)–LyondellBasell has approved plans to build a metathesis unit in Channelview, Texas, that will convert ethylene into propylene, the producer said on Monday. Construction should start in the third quarter of 2025, and operations should begin in late 2028, LyondellBasell said. The metathesis unit will produce 400,000 tonnes/year of propylene, the company said. LyondellBasell plans to use the propylene in its internal polypropylene (PP) and propylene oxide (PO) units. The company started up its new PO/tertiary butyl alcohol (PO/TBA) plant in Channelview in 2023. By producing its own propylene, LyondellBasell limits its exposure to volatile feedstock prices, said Kim Foley, executive vice president, Global Olefins & Polyolefins and Refining. “This capacity expansion strengthens our ability to meet increasing customer demand and improve our self-sufficiency as we grow and upgrade a core business line for LyondellBasell.” Thumbnail shows PP, which is made from propylene. Image by Shutterstock.

03-Mar-2025

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Here are the top stories from ICIS News Asia and the Middle East for the week ended 21 February. China PC import prices fall on ample supply; outlook bleak By Li Peng Seng 17-Feb-25 14:02 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Import prices of moulding-grade and extrusion-grade polycarbonate (PC) in China have fallen to a three-week low recently amid ample supplies and weak demand as buyers would only purchase on a need-to basis. Thailand Q4 GDP grows 2.5%, US trade policy uncertainty weighs on outlook By Nurluqman Suratman 17-Feb-25 16:44 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Thailand's economy grew 2.5% year on year in 2024, boosted by a 3.2% expansion in the fourth quarter on the back of robust exports and private consumption. However, headwinds from global trade disputes threaten its growth outlook for 2025, official data showed on Monday. Reduced SE Asia PP supply opens door wider for China exports By Lucy Shuai 18-Feb-25 15:44 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Polypropylene (PP) plant shutdowns in southeast Asia open up more export opportunities for China, which is currently beset with oversupply. Asia ethyl acetate, butyl acetate find support from modest demand pick-up By Melanie Wee 18-Feb-25 15:58 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Asia-Pacific ethyl acetate (etac) markets are seeing improved demand, which is helping to absorb regional supply. Asia's naphtha seen firm short term on supply concerns By Li Peng Seng 19-Feb-25 12:37 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Asia's naphtha sentiment has further strengthened as supplies arriving in March from the west, namely Europe, Africa, the Americas and the Mediterranean, are lower than expected due to reasons which include gasoline demand and ongoing geopolitical conflicts. US potential 25% tariffs on auto imports could hurt Japan, S Korea By Nurluqman Suratman 19-Feb-25 14:21 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–US President Donald Trump's plan to impose tariffs of around 25% on vehicle imports places South Korea and Japan in the line of fire, as they are the top sources of automobiles outside of North America. S Korea’s S-Oil earmarks W3.5 trillion for Shaheen project in 2025 By Pearl Bantillo 19-Feb-25 16:29 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–S-Oil plans to spend about South Korean won (W) 3.5 trillion ($2.4 billion) in its Shaheen crude-to-chemical project in Ulsan, which accounts for the bulk of the refiner’s capital expenditure (capex) set for the year. Asia fatty alcohols capacity expansions in Q2 to curb spot interest for mid-cuts C12-14 By Helen Yan 20-Feb-25 10:25 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Expectations of expanded fatty alcohols supply in southeast Asia are likely to dampen buyers’ sentiment and curtail spot interest in the second quarter. Indonesia central bank keeps policy interest rate at 5.75%, for now By Nurluqman Suratman 20-Feb-25 14:28 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Indonesia's central bank left its policy interest rate unchanged at 5.75% on 19 February, citing elevated global uncertainty, but sees room for monetary policy easing down the road. INSIGHT: Production outages to support Feb Asia petchems price rebound By Joey Zhou 20-Feb-25 19:11 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Asia petrochemical prices are expected to rise in February from the previous month, mainly due to production outages in oversea markets (excluding China). However, the magnitude of price gains will be limited by new capacities and sluggish demand. Mideast polyols hold steady; prices balanced by cost push, oversupply By Isaac Tan 21-Feb-25 13:48 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Polyols prices in the Middle East held steady in the week ended 20 February as oversupply conditions outweighed a cost push from rebounding feedstock propylene oxide (PO).

24-Feb-2025

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–S-Oil plans to spend about South Korean won (W) 3.5 trillion ($2.4 billion) in its Shaheen crude-to-chemical project in Ulsan, which accounts for the bulk of the refiner’s capital expenditure (capex) set for the year. Shaheen project on track for H1 '26 completion S-Oil plants run below full capacity over past three years Full-year net loss caused by heavy refining losses, lower petrochemicals profit The project capex for the year was increased by about a third from W2.61 trillion in 2024, and accounts for 86% of the total for the current year, S-Oil stated in a slide presentation to investors dated 24 January upon announcing its Q4 results. The project, whose name was derived from the Arabic word for falcon, is now 55% complete and is on track for commercial operations in H2 2026, S-Oil said on 17 February. S-Oil is 63%-owned by Saudi Aramco, the world’s biggest exporter of crude oil. Shaheen will have a 1.8 million tonne/year mixed-feed cracking facility; an 880,000 tonne/year linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) unit; and a 440,000 tonne/year high density PE (HDPE) plant. The site will have a thermal crude-to-chemical (TC2C) facility, which will convert crude directly into petrochemical feedstocks such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and naphtha, and the cracker is expected to recycle waste heat for power generation in the refinery. “The project is progressing smoothly as planned,” S-Oil had said in the presentation, noting that completion rate as of end-December stood at 51.8%. Installation is underway for 10 cracking heaters, pipe rack modules at steam cracker and aboveground piping, it added. Construction of the multibillion US dollar project at the Onsan Industrial Complex of Ulsan City started in March 2023, with mechanical completion targeted by the first half of 2026. Over the past two years, S-Oil had poured nearly W5 trillion into the project, about half of the estimated project cost of $7 billion, based on capex. “Shaheen Project is a pivotal expansion into chemical business with industry-leading competitiveness, which will enable another leap forward in future profit generation capacity,” S-Oil said. The project is expected to yield 70% more chemicals, with a capex/operating expenditure savings pegged at 30-40% versus conventional process. At its Onsan site, S-Oil currently produces a range of petrochemicals and fuels including benzene, mixed xylenes, ethylene, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), paraxylene, polypropylene, propylene, propylene oxide, biodiesel, and potentially bio-based aviation and other bio-derived products. The second-biggest item in S-Oil’s 2025 capex list is upgrade & maintenance at W463 billion, up by more than 75% from 2024, noting that its residual fluid catalytic cracking unit (RFCC) is scheduled for turnaround this year, based on the presentation. For the past three years, the company’s plants have not been running at full capacity, with a marked reduction of run rates at its paraxylene (PX) plants. For the whole of 2024, the company incurred a net loss of W163.4 billion, reversing the profit of nearly W1 trillion in the previous year, on heavy losses from refining and a 29% profit decline in petrochemicals. in billion won (W) Q4 2024 Q4 2023 Yr-on-yr % change FY2024 FY2023 Yr-on-yr % change Revenue 8,917.0 8,830.0 1.0 36,637.0 35,727.0 2.5 Operating income 260.8 (56.4) – 460.6 1,354.6 (66.0) Net income  (102.1) 160.5 – (163.4) 948.8 – Refining operating profit  172.9 (311.3) – (245.4) 353.5 – Petrochemical operating profit  (28.1)  33.9 – 134.8 190.6 (29.3) Lube operating profit 115.9 221.0 (47.6) 571.2 810.5 (29.5) In the first quarter of 2025, S-Oil expects additional demand for PX and upstream benzene as new downstream facilities start up, “offsetting ample supply”, it said, adding that a recovery in gasoline blending demand may further support the markets. Polypropylene (PP) and propylene oxide (PO) will "continue to see capacity expansions in China while demand recovery is anticipated from China's economic stimulus measures,” it said. China, the world’s second-biggest economy is a major market for South Korean exports. Amid an economic slowdown, the Chinese government have been introducing measures to boost consumption and revive its ailing property sector. Focus article by Pearl Bantillo ($1 = W1,441)

19-Feb-2025

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–S-Oil's Shaheen crude-to-chemical project in Ulsan, South Korea is now 55% complete and is expected to start commercial operations in the second half 2026, the producer said on Monday. Construction of the $7bn project at the Onsan Industrial Complex of Ulsan City started in March 2023, with mechanical completion targeted by the first half of 2026. South Korean refiner S-Oil is 63%-owned by Saudi Aramco, the world's largest crude exporter. The Shaheen project – named after the Arabic word for “falcon” – will have a 1.8 million tonne/year mixed-feed cracking facility; an 880,000 tonne/year linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) unit; and a 440,000 tonne/year high density PE (HDPE) plant. The site will have a thermal crude-to-chemical (TC2C) facility, which will convert crude directly into petrochemical feedstocks such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and naphtha, and the cracker is expected to recycle waste heat for power generation in the refinery. The company currently produces a range of petrochemicals and fuels including benzene, mixed xylenes, ethylene, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), paraxylene, polypropylene, propylene, propylene oxide, biodiesel, and potentially bio-based aviation and other bio-derived products at its Onsan site. S-Oil plans to supply feedstock to domestic petrochemical downstream companies mainly through pipelines. "To this end, the construction of logistics-related infrastructure, such as a new pipeline network, is being carried out at the same time," it said. Long-term agreements for stable supply of raw materials are being signed between S-Oil and petrochemical companies located at the two industrial complexes in Ulsan, which would boost competitiveness of domestic value chain, the company said.

17-Feb-2025

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Here are the top stories from ICIS News Asia and the Middle East for the week ended 14 February. SE Asia PE plant shutdowns deemed necessary for rebalancing By Izham Ahmad 10-Feb-25 10:57 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–A recent wave of plant shutdowns among polyethylene (PE) producers across southeast Asia has been seen by some as a reflection of how dire the situation in the market is. Malaysia's Lotte Chemical Titan incurs record Q4 loss; '25 outlook downbeat By Nurluqman Suratman 10-Feb-25 14:44 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Lotte Chemical Titan (LCT) incurred its largest-ever quarterly loss, with analysts expecting the Malaysian producer to remain in the red in 2025 amid weak economic conditions and an oversupply of petrochemical products. INSIGHT: Strong hydrogen push in China to reshape global industry amid US pullback By Patricia Tao 10-Feb-25 18:23 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–The US has suspended financial support for its own hydrogen sector, while China is ramping up efforts to expand its hydrogen industry. The sharp policy divergence between the two countries could accelerate the global hydrogen market’s shift and reshape the industry landscape over the next three to five years. Asia polyester tracks rising costs despite weak post-holiday demand By Judith Wang 11-Feb-25 12:57 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Asia’s polyester export discussions edged up in line with the higher cost pressure after the Lunar New Year holiday, while buying activities were limited as end-user demand remained weak. SE Asia VAM market rallies on crimped supply, demand surge By Hwee Hwee Tan 12-Feb-25 12:43 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–The southeast Asia vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) import market is being buoyed by resurgent restocking demand and supply disruptions into February. INSIGHT: US policy shift raises concerns on future of CCS, blue ammonia value chain By Bee Lin Chow 12-Feb-25 13:04 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–The unfolding political battle in the US over national economic interest and energy security has raised concerns about potential implications for its emerging carbon capture and storage (CCS) and blue ammonia sectors, and the potential spillover impact on Asia. PODCAST: US hydrogen subsidy halt vs China’s expansion – what’s next for the global market? By Anita Yang 12-Feb-25 15:45 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–The Trump administration swiftly withdrew financial support for its hydrogen sector, while China is accelerating hydrogen expansion with strong policy backing. INSIGHT: India may offer tariff concessions to US as PM Modi meets Trump By Priya Jestin 13-Feb-25 14:18 MUMBAI (ICIS)–India may offer the US tariff cuts on various products, including electronics and automobiles – major downstream sectors of petrochemicals – to avoid US President Donald Trump’s “reciprocal duties”, which may deal a big blow to the south Asian nation’s exports. Vietnam to raise 2025 GDP growth target to 8% to fuel socioeconomic growth By Jonathan Yee 13-Feb-25 16:08 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Vietnam announced on 12 February it would raise its GDP growth target for 2025 to 8.0% from 6.5-7.0%, with industrial manufacturing and foreign investment expected to drive growth. Singapore 2024 petrochemical exports grow 4.6%; trade risks stay high By Nurluqman Suratman 14-Feb-25 14:00 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Singapore’s petrochemical exports in 2024 rose by 4.6%, supporting the overall growth in non-oil shipments abroad which is being threatened by ongoing trade frictions among major economies.

17-Feb-2025

HOUSTON (ICIS)–Rates for shipping containers from Asia to the US ticked lower this week, although they could see upward pressure from shippers pulling forward volumes ahead of the 30-day tariff freeze, while rates for liquid chemical tankers held steady. Global average rates fell by 3%, according to supply chain advisors Drewry and as shown in the following chart. Global average rates are down by almost 18% from 1 September, and down by almost 45% from the high of the year in mid-July. Rates from Shanghai to both US coasts fell by 1%, as shown in the following chart. Drewry expects spot rates to decrease slightly in the coming week due to the increase in capacity as container ship order books are at record highs. Judah Levine, head of research at online freight shipping marketplace and platform provider Freightos, said his company is already seeing some upward pressure on prices although some could be because of shippers frontloading volumes to beat the 30-day pause before tariffs are enacted. ‘We could expect frontloading ahead of tariffs – which has been a major factor keeping US ocean import volumes and transpacific container rates elevated since November – to intensify until the new tariffs are introduced or called off,” Levine said. Levine said it is hard to determine the impact from volumes being pulled forward since this has likely been happening for several months, and with the market in the lull surrounding the Lunar New Year (LNY) holiday. “But we could expect demand and rates to increase post-LNY,” Levine said. Container ships and costs for shipping containers are relevant to the chemical industry because while most chemicals are liquids and are shipped in tankers, container ships transport polymers, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), are shipped in pellets. They also transport liquid chemicals in isotanks. LIQUID TANKER RATES STEADY US chemical tanker freight rates as assessed by ICIS were unchanged this week with contract of affreightment (COA) nominations steady for most trade lanes. For the cargoes in the South American trade lane, COAs remain strong leaving very little spot availability. A large parcel of ethanol fixed USG to San Luis, and several others were quoted for second half of February. Similarly, for the USG to ARA trade lane, it was another off week with only a few reported fixtures. However, there were some unusual cargoes fixed for products like caustic soda and ethanol. Some styrene was reported fixed from Lake Charles to ARA. Overall, rates seem to be maintaining current levels particularly for the 3,000- and 5,000-tonne parcels. There was no difference along the USG to Asia routes, as it was another quiet week on this trade lane. Spot rates remain steady as the H1 February space across the regular carriers is sold out. Some of the larger players should have space in the second half of February depending on COA nominations. The chemical COAs have been steady through H1 March, but still in the tentative phase. Several inquiries were seen for methanol, ethanol, vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), styrene and MEG. On the other hand, bunker prices were unchanged this week but overall remain strong. PANAMA CANAL UPDATE Panama’s president said the country will not renew its agreement with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) after a visit from US Secretary of State Marco Rubio. President Donald Trump surprised some when he said that the US should reclaim the Panama Canal, and a US congressman has since introduced a bill that would authorize the purchase of the vital waterway. The actions taken by Panama’s president, Jose Raul Molino, may slow action by the Trump administration to take back control of the canal. Additional reporting by Kevin Callahan

07-Feb-2025

Correction: In the ICIS story headlined “INSIGHT: US tariffs unleash higher costs to nation's chem industry” dated 3 February 2025, the wrong volumes were used for the following imports: Canadian ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94; Canadian polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more, in primary forms; Canadian polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94, in primary forms; Canadian polypropylene, in primary forms; Canadian mixed xylene isomers; Mexican polypropylene, in primary forms; and Mexican cyclohexane. The US did not import cyclohexane from Mexico in 2023. A corrected story follows. HOUSTON (ICIS)–The tariffs that the US will impose on all imports from Canada, Mexico and China will unleash higher costs for the nation's chemical industry, create supply-chain snarls and open it to retaliation. For Canada, the US will impose 10% tariffs on imports of energy and 25% tariffs on all other imports. For Mexico, the US imposed 25% tariffs on all imports but the countries' presidents said on Monday the tariffs are being paused for a month. For China, the US will impose 10% tariffs on all imports. US IMPORTS LARGE AMOUNTS OF PE FROM CANADAUS petrochemical production is concentrated along its Gulf Coast, which is far from many of its manufacturing hubs in the northeastern and midwestern parts of the country. As a result, individual states import large amounts of polyethylene (PE) from Canada – even though the nation as a whole has a large surplus of the material. Even Texas imports large amounts of PE from Canada – despite its abundance of plants that produce the polymer. In addition, polyester plants in North and South Carolina import large amounts of the feedstocks monoethylene glycol (MEG) and purified terephthalic acid (PTA) from Canada. The US as a whole imports significant amounts of polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from Canada – again, despite its surplus of these plastics. The following table lists some of the main plastics and chemicals that the US imported from Canada in 2023. The products are organized by their harmonized tariff schedule (HTS) code. HTS PRODUCT MEASUREMENT VOLUMES 3901.40.00 Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 kilograms 1,319,817,405 3901.20.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more, in primary forms kilograms 1,088,071,523 3901.10.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94, in primary forms kilograms 420,561,390 2917.36.00 Terephthalic acid and its salts kilograms 407,710,439 2905.31.00 Ethylene Glycol kilograms 329,542,378 3902.10.00 Polypropylene, in primary forms kilograms 271,201,880 3904.10.00 Polyvinyl chloride, not mixed with any other substances, in primary forms kilograms 188,800,413 2902.44.00 Mixed xylene isomers liters 746,072 2905.12.00 Propan-1-ol (Propyl alcohol) and Propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol) kilograms 87,805,095 3901.30.60 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers kilograms 71,372,396 Source: US International Trade Commission (ITC) IMPORTS FROM MEXICOMexico is not as large of a source of US petrochemical imports as Canada, but shipments from the country are still noteworthy. The following table lists some of the main plastics and chemicals that the US imported from Mexico in 2023. HTS PRODUCT MEASUREMENT VOLUMES 2917.36.00 Terephthalic acid and its salts kilograms 69,230,708 3901.10.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94, in primary forms kilograms 34,674,435 2915.24.00 Acetic anhydride kilograms 25,294,318 3904.10.00 Polyvinyl chloride, not mixed with any other substances, in primary forms kilograms 24,005,371 2915.31.00 Ethyl acetate kilograms 18,855,544 3901.20.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more, in primary forms kilograms 14,469,582 3902.10.00 Polypropylene, in primary forms kilograms 8,849,478 Source: US International Trade Commission (ITC) IMPORTS FROM CHINAChina remains a significant source for a couple of noteworthy chemicals despite the effects of the tariffs that US President Donald Trump imposed during his first term in office. The following table shows 2023 US imports from China. HTS PRODUCT MEASUREMENT VOLUMES 29152100 Acetic acid kilograms 21,095,566 39093100 Poly(methylene phenyl isocyanate) (crude MDI, polymeric MDI) kilograms 206,642,886 Source: US International Trade Commission (ITC) China's shipments of plastics goods are more significant. OIL TARIFFS WILL HIT US REFINERSCanada and Mexico are the largest sources of imported crude oil in the US, and the heavier grades from these countries complement the lighter grades that the US produces in abundance. Those imports help fill out refining units that process heavier crude fractions, such as hydrocrackers, cokers, base oil units and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units. Refiners cannot swap out heavier Canadian and Mexican grades with lighter US grades. Instead, they will need to pay the tariffs or find another supplier of heavier grades, possibly at a higher cost. The following table shows the largest sources of imported crude in 2023. Figures are listed in thousands of barrels/day. COUNTRY IMPORTS % Canada 3,885 59.9 Mexico 733 11.3 Saudi Arabia 349 5.4 Iraq 213 3.3 Colombia 202 3.1 Total US imports 6,489 Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA) US refiners could take another hit from higher catalyst costs. These are made from rare earth elements, and China remains a key source. TARIFFS TO RAISE COSTS FOR FERTILIZERCanada is the world's largest producer of potash, and it exports massive amounts to the US. It is unclear how the US could find another source. Russia and Belarus are the world's second and third largest potash producers. Together, the three accounted for 65.9% of global potash production in 2023, according to the Canadian government. Canada accounts for significant shares of other US imports of fertilizers. The following table lists some of Canada's fertilizer shipments to the US in 2023 and shows its share of total US imports. Figures are from 2023. HTS PRODUCT MEASUREMENT VOLUME % 31042000 Potassium chloride metric tonne 11850925 88.8 31023000 Ammonium nitrate, whether or not in aqueous solution metric tonne 295438 76.6 31024000 Mixtures of ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic nonfertilizing substances metric tonne 29203 75.7 31055100 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, containing nitrates and phosphates metric tonne 1580 66.1 31022100 Ammonium sulfate metric tonne 947140 49.6 31052000 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium metric tonne 147850 41.4 Source: US ITC SUPPLY CHAIN SNARLSIf US companies choose to avoid the tariffs and seek other suppliers, they could be exposed to delays and supply chain constraints. Other companies outside of the petrochemical, plastic and fertilizer industries will also be seeking new suppliers. The scale of these disruptions could be significant because Canada, Mexico and China are the largest trading partners in the US. The following table lists the top 10 US trading partners in 2023 based on combined imports and exports. Country Total Exports ($) General Imports ($) TOTAL Mexico 322,742,472,406 475,215,965,697 797,958,438,103 Canada 354,355,997,349 418,618,659,183 772,974,656,532 China 147,777,767,493 426,885,009,750 574,662,777,243 Germany 76,697,761,127 159,272,068,221 235,969,829,348 Japan 75,683,130,214 147,238,042,342 222,921,172,556 South Korea 65,056,093,590 116,154,470,335 181,210,563,925 UK 74,315,228,810 64,217,031,774 138,532,260,584 Taiwan 39,956,725,574 87,767,403,487 127,724,129,061 Vietnam 9,842,922,146 114,426,076,081 124,268,998,227 Source: US ITC RETALIATIONUS petrochemical exports would be tempting targets for retaliation because of their magnitude and the global capacity glut. China, in particular, could impose tariffs on US chemical imports and offset the disruptions by increasing rates at under-utilized plants. So far, none announced plans to target chemicals on Sunday. Canada's plans to impose 25% tariffs on $30 billion in US goods does not include oil, refined products, chemicals or plastics. That batch of tariffs will take place on February 4. Canada will impose 25% tariffs on an additional $125 billion worth of US goods following a 21-day comment period, it said. The government did not highlight plastics or chemicals in this second batch of tariffs. Instead, it said the tariffs will cover passenger vehicles and trucks, including electric vehicles, steel and aluminium products, certain fruits and vegetables, aerospace products, beef, pork, dairy, trucks and buses, recreational vehicles and recreational boats. In a statement issued on Sunday, Mexico's president made no mention of retaliatory tariffs. Instead, she said she will provide more details about Mexico's response on Monday. China said it will start legal proceedings through the World Trade Organization (WTO) and take corresponding countermeasures. RATIONALE BEHIND THE TARIFFSThe US imposed the tariffs under the nation's International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), which gives the president authority to take actions to address a severe national security threat. In a fact sheet, Trump cited illegal immigration and illicit drugs. Saturday's executive order is the first time that a US president imposed tariffs under IEEPA. Prior IEEPA actions lasted an average of nine years. They can be terminated by a vote in Congress. Insight article by Al Greenwood (Thumbnail shows containers, in which goods are commonly shipped. Image by Shutterstock)

03-Feb-2025

HOUSTON (ICIS)–Customers in several US states closer to Canada than its Gulf Coast petrochemical hubs import large amounts of plastics and chemicals from the country, including materials that the US produces in abundance, and these shipments could soon become subject to tariffs totalling hundreds of millions of dollars. US President Donald Trump has said he could announce on February 1 tariffs of up to 25% on imports from Canada and Mexico. Even though the US has large surpluses of many plastics and chemicals, domestic companies still import large amounts of these materials from Canada. These customers face the prospects of higher tariffs from Canadian imports or potentially higher shipping costs from suppliers that are farther away. CANADIAN EXPORTS TO NORTHERN STATESUS plastics and chemicals production is concentrated on the Gulf Coast in the south, which is far from the manufacturing and plastic processing hubs in Michigan, Illinois and Ohio in the north. These and other northern US states are much closer to Canada's petrochemical plants in Sarnia, Ontario province, than they are to the Gulf Coast. The following table shows various plastics and chemicals that Canadian exported in 2023 to Michigan, Illinois and Ohio. The bottom row shows how much customers from each state would pay if a 25% tariff was levied on the total value of these 2023 exports. Export figures are in tonnes. HTS Code Description Michigan (tonnes) Illinois (tonnes) Ohio (tonnes) 3901.10.00 PE having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 30,403 41,967 59,908 3901.20.00 PE having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more 125,693 66,493 85,328 3901.40.00 Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers 163,543 155,042 88,793 3902.10.00 Polypropylene 6,232 122,970 20,694 3901.30.00 Ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer 55 55,012 2,526 2905.31.00 Ethylene glycol 5 152,746 8,634 Total tariff bill $119,027,186 $243,701,358 $103,054,090 Source: Statistics Canada CANADIAN IMPORTS FROM THE CAROLINASNorth and South Carolina are also large destinations for Canadian exports. These states are home to auto plants as well as facilities that make polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which uses monoethylene glycol (MEG) and purified terephthalic acid (PTA) as feedstocks. The following table shows 2023 shipments made to these states. The bottom row shows how much customers would pay if a 25% tariff was levied on the total value of these exports. Export figures are in tonnes. HTS Code Description South Carolina (tonnes) North Carolina (tonnes) 3904.10.00 PVC, not mixed with any other substances 428 134,433 2905.31.00 Ethylene glycol 66,973 2,731 2917.36.00 Terephthalic acid and its salts 102,162 162,505 3901.10.00 PE having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 25,379 13,076 3901.20.00 PE having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more 79,301 30,278 3901.40.00 Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers 98,070 40,879 3902.10.00 Polypropylene 38,763 1,033 Total tariff bill $168,380,231 $166,512,281 Source: Statistics Canada Even though Texas is home to many plastics and chemical plants, it is still a destination for a large amount of plastic exports from Canada. The following table shows 2023 shipments made to Texas. The bottom row shows how much customers would pay if a 25% tariff was levied on the total value of these exports. Export figures are in tonnes. HTS Code Description Texas (tonnes) 3901.10.00 PE having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 62,300 3901.20.00 PE having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more 189,247 3901.40.00 Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers 185,610 3902.10.00 Polypropylene 21,315 Total tariff bill $145,297,714 Source: Statistics Canada CONSEQUENCES OF TARIFFSWhether the US proposes the tariffs on February 1 is still up in the air. Trump has used the threat of tariffs as a negotiating tool in the past, as he did against Mexico during his first term and against Colombia earlier this month. In both cases, the US reached agreements with the countries without imposing the tariffs. If the US does impose the tariffs, customers could pay the additional tax, or they could find another supplier. For states closer to Canada, new suppliers could increase shipping times and costs. If the tariffs are broad enough, customers will be competing for cargo space with other companies that are also procuring supplies from new suppliers. The tariffs could make the US plastic and chemical markets more vulnerable to weather disruptions because most of its production is concentrated along the Gulf Coast. This region of the US is vulnerable to hurricanes and, increasingly, to sub-freezing temperatures. Since 2021, the Gulf Coast has had spells of sub-freezing temperature every winter season. The region's plants were not designed to operate in such low temperatures, so they typically suffer from unplanned outages during the winter. Canadian material made US chemical and plastic supply chains more resilient by offering an alternative to Gulf Coast material. HOW CANADIAN TARIFFS COULD UNFOLDIf the US does pursue tariffs against Canada, it will likely do so under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) of 1977, said Jacob Jensen, a data analyst for the American Action Forum (AAF), a think tank. The IEEPA allows the president to propose actions to address a severe national security threat. In the case of tariffs, immigration, fentanyl or both would be declared as national emergencies, and that would trigger IEEPA. Once the president notifies Congress through a letter or a speech, the tariffs could be imposed. Imposing tariffs under IEEPA would be a first for the US, Jensen said. It could also be long term. The average duration of an IEEPA order is nine years. They can be terminated by a vote in Congress. The US can impose tariffs under other laws, but the ones that Trump proposed for Canada do not meet the parameters under those regulations. Tariffs under Section 301 address unfair trade practices and require investigations. The US has not started such an investigation on Canadian trade practices. Tariffs under Section 232 cover specific products and are not broad-based like the ones Trump proposed against Canada. Tariffs under Section 201 are intended to provide temporary relief for a group of products or an industry. They are not broad-based. Tariffs under Section 122 have a limit of 15%. Tariffs under Section 338 have no precedence and could face court challenges. OTHER POTENTIAL TARIFFSSince winning the election, Trump also proposed tariffs of 25% on imports from Mexico and 10% on imports from China. During his campaign, Trump proposed the following tariffs: Baseline tariffs of 10-20% on all imports. Tariffs of 60% on imports from China. A reciprocal trade act, under which the US would match tariffs that other countries impose on its exports. Insight by Al Greenwood

30-Jan-2025

LONDON (ICIS)–European oxo-alcohols and derivatives markets have been slow to start up in the new year as familiar factors suppress consumption. Players were hoping for reasonable restocking activity this month, following the destocking period that took place in late Q4 2024, but spot activity has been below expectations for many players down the value chain. Oxo-alcohols and butyl acetate reporter Marion Boakye speaks to acrylate esters reporter Mathew Jolin-Beech and glycol ethers reporter Cameron Birch about conditions down the oxo-alcohols value chain.  

27-Jan-2025