Energy

Italian TSO Terna has likely been curtailing solar generation on sunny days with low demand according to traders and publicly available data Market participants told ICIS that curtailments could be bullish for Italian gas and power prices Curtailments aim to safeguard grid stability and could indicate Terna taking cautious approach following Iberian blackout in April LONDON (ICIS)–Several market participants told ICIS that recent curtailments of Italian solar output by the national transmission system operator (TSO) Terna could have a bullish impact on power prices by replacing cheap renewable generation with more expensive gas-fired output. “The Italian TSO has likely been curtailing solar generation, as the forecasts don’t match up with the actual generation levels, especially on festive days with low demand,” a trader told ICIS. A second trader added that the effect would be “decidedly bullish on power and gas". BEAR OR BULL? Italian solar curtailments are indicative of grid oversupply, which is potentially a bearish indicator for power prices. On 1 May, amid the Labor Day national holiday, low demand and sunny weather, pressures Italian electricity prices to zero or near-zero for seven consecutive hours (11:00-17:00) across all zones. Italian load peaked at 27.7GW on 1 May, some 9.3GW below the peak load average for the month of May so far. The combination of low demand and strong solar led to actual solar generation, as reported by Terna, falling behind ENTSO-E’s Day-ahead forecast for 1 May, a discrepancy which could indicate curtailments. Despite being an indicator of oversupply, according to ICIS Italian power analyst Luca Urbanucci, the impact of the curtailments is ultimately bullish. “If Terna is curtailing solar generation more, this means that low-cost renewable generation is being replaced by something more expensive, like gas”, said Urbanucci. A third trader agreed with this view, claiming that “the impact will be more bullish than bearish”. Perhaps in anticipation of increased prospects of solar curtailments, on 27 March the Italian regulator Arera issued Resolution 128/2025/R/EFR to compensate solar producers for curtailed energy, extending a mechanism that previously applied only to wind power. GRID SECURITY The first trader told ICIS that curtailments were “probably made because Terna is having difficulties balancing the grid”. The first trader also explained Terna’s curtailments could be due to safety reasons. "Curtailments are made in order to have more gas-fired power plants running, so that if solar generation should suddenly and unexpectedly drop due to a passing cloud, gas-fired generation can be quickly ramped up and offset the loss,” the same trader said. A second Italian power analyst noted that “we are also witnessing unplanned import reductions made likewise with the goal of leaving more space for Italian CCGTs”. Keeping additional combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) online could provide both additional grid inertia and ramping capability for the Italian grid. The second trader suggested that the curtailments might be linked to the Italian TSO taking a more cautious approach after the major Iberian blackout on 28 April. However, ICIS's Urbanucci was skeptical regarding any recent change in Terna’s approach, stating that he did not believe that “Terna’s recent behavior has been particularly influenced by what happened in Spain.” “The Italian TSO has always been quite conservative in avoiding risks of overloading the grid,” said Urbanucci. In April, Italian solar generation was 15.7% higher than in April 2024. Terna did not reply to questions from ICIS by the time of publishing.

14-May-2025

TORONTO (ICIS)–The government of Canada’s oil-rich Alberta is freezing the province's industrial carbon price at Canadian dollar (C$) 95/tonne ($68/tonne). The decision to freeze the price indefinitely was in response to the US tariffs, which were increasing costs, disrupting supply chains and creating uncertainty for industry, making it challenging to operate efficiently and stay globally competitive, the government said. The freeze would provide certainty and economic relief to companies in oil and gas, electricity, petrochemical, manufacturing, cement, pulp and paper, mining, and forestry, Premier (Governor) Danielle Smith and environment minister Rebecca Schulz said in a webcast press conference on Monday. Smith said that Canada could not get too far ahead of the US in terms of climate policies, otherwise “billions of dollars of investments” would go to the US, instead of Canada. Schulz added that a price above C$100/tonne would make Alberta “wildly uncompetitive.” The price had been scheduled to rise to C$110/tonne in 2026 and continue increasing to C$170/tonne by 2030 – in line with Canada’s federal industrial carbon pricing system, which sets minimum standards. Smith and Schulz said that the government would talk to companies that have been making investments in Alberta, based on industrial carbon pricing. Schulz added that she had already reached out to Dow, NOVA Chemicals and others to “signal” the government’s new direction, given that “it is a very different time that we are in right now.” “It is unfair to artificially increase a carbon tax to benefit a small amount of projects and then leave the entire rest of industry in a position where they are uncompetitive,” she said. “We can’t make the entirety of industry uncompetitive to save one specific project,” she added. Dow announced last month that it is delaying its flagship Canada Path2Zero net zero carbon cracker and downstream polyethylene (PE) project at Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, until market conditions improve and would not likely revisit it until the end of this year. Trade group Chemistry Industry Association of Canada (CIAC) supports industrial carbon pricing as a tool to encourage companies to reduce emissions in a cost-effective way. However, the trade group has suggested that in light of the ongoing trade and tariff tensions, Canada may want to review its industrial carbon pricing rules. In related news, Alberta's neighboring Saskatchewan province paused its industrial pricing system, effective 1 April. ($1 = C$1.40) Additional reporting by Joseph Chang Please also visit US tariffs, policy – impact on chemicals and energy Thumbnail photo source: Dow

13-May-2025

MUMBAI (ICIS)–India has proposed to impose counter duties on select products from the US in response to American tariffs on steel and aluminium, the South Asian nation said in a notice to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 12 May. The US's tariffs on steel and aluminium were introduced as safeguard measures on 12 March 2025. India reserves the right to suspend concessions or other obligations that are substantially equivalent to the adverse effects of the measure to India's trade, India said in its statement to the WTO. “The proposed suspension of concessions or other obligations takes the form of an increase in tariffs on selected products originating in the United States,” it added. “The US safeguard measures would affect $7.6 billion imports into the US of the relevant products originating in India, on which the duty collection would be $1.91 billion,” the notice said. In April, India had sought consultations with the US under the WTO's safeguard agreement, following the US decision to impose these tariffs. On the request for consultation, the US informed the global trade body that its decision was based on national security grounds and should not be considered as safeguard measures. The US first implemented safeguard measures on imports of certain steel and aluminium products in March 2018. It imposed ad valorem tariffs of 25% and 10% respectively. This was extended in January 2020. It was revised again in February 2025 for an unlimited duration and was raised to 25%. In response, India in June 2019 imposed duties on 28 US products, including almonds, walnuts, phosphoric acid, and iron and steel products among others. The proposal assumes significance as both countries are negotiating a bilateral trade agreement (BTA) with an Indian official team expected to visit the US this month for trade talks. The BTA seeks to more than double bilateral trade between the two countries to $500 billion by 2030. Total goods trade between the two countries stood at around $129.2 billion in calendar year 2024, as per official data. Visit the US tariffs, policy – impact on chemicals and energy topic page for the latest update on the US-China 90-day pause with significantly reduced tariffs while negotiations take place.

13-May-2025

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Asian chemical shares were mostly higher on Tuesday, after the US and China agreed to significantly reduce tariffs on each other for 90 days. At 01:30 GMT on Tuesday, Japan’s Mitsui Chemicals rose by 0.94%, while Asahi Kasei slipped by 0.54% in Tokyo. South Korean producer LG Chem was down 2.38% in Seoul. Malaysia’s PETRONAS Chemicals Group (PCG) was up by 1.71% in Kuala Lumpur, while palm oil and oleochemicals major Wilmar International rose by 0.98% in Singapore. Japan's bellwether Nikkei 225 was up by 1.84% at 38,335.75, while South Korea's KOSPI Composite inched up by 0.30% to 2,615.03. In China, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index was up 2.98% at 23,549.46, and the Shenzhen Composite bourse rose by 1.70% to 2,004.13. US chemical stocks closed higher overnight following news of the trade deal. In the US-China agreement announced on 12 May, the US will lower tariffs on imports from China to 30% from the previous “unsustainable” 145%, consisting of a baseline 10% tariff on top of the 20% fentanyl-related tariff. China, meanwhile, lowered its tariffs on the US to just 10% from 125%, while also suspending non-tariff countermeasures taken against the US since 2 April. These new measures will take place by 14 May and last for 90 days, according to a joint statement by both parties. The parties will then continue discussions about economic and trade relations, the statement said. However, uncertainty persists as US President Donald Trump seeks talks with China President Xi Jinping. Meanwhile, the US' hefty "reciprocal” tariffs on other major Asian economies such as Japan, South Korea, India and southeast Asian countries – first announced on 2 April and then suspended for 90 days – may be implemented in early July. Visit the ICIS Topic Page: US tariffs, policy – impact on chemicals and energy. Thumbnail image: At the terminal of Shanghai Port in eastern China on 11 May 2025. (Costfoto/NurPhoto/Shutterstock)

13-May-2025

HOUSTON (ICIS)–Freight rates from China to the US are likely to rise in the near term now that a 90-day pause on extreme tariffs has been negotiated, but in the longer term, it is likely rates will continue the downward trend seen prior to the “Liberation Day” announcement, according to shipping industry analysts. Peter Sand, chief analyst at ocean and freight rate analytics firm Xeneta, said politicians on all sides will argue over who has won, who has lost and who has the better deal, but the most important point is that we will now see goods flowing more easily between the world’s biggest trading nations. “The spiraling trade war was catastrophic for businesses, so there will be huge relief that diplomacy appears to be returning,” Sand said. Judah Levine, head of research at online freight shipping marketplace and platform provider Freightos, said rates will rise, but not explode. “The volume rebound will probably signal the start of an early peak season that will keep rates elevated – but we might not see last year’s $8,000+/FEU highs due to a more competitive, well-supplied carrier landscape already keeping rates lower year on year," Levine said. Levine said he expects tighter capacity as carriers work to reposition vessels and reduce the number of blank sailings that were used to support rates during the height of the tariff war. Sand agreed, noting that carriers responded to falling volumes from China to the US by slashing container shipping capacity and redeploying it onto other trades, such as the Asia to Europe route. “It takes time to shift capacity back again, so a revival in volumes from China to US may mean shippers have to pay a little over the odds in the short term,” Sand said. Lars Jensen, president of consultant Vespucci Maritime, said to expect an immediate surge of cargo from China to the US, based on two reasons: first, there is already a large amount of cargo ready to go, as US importers have been adopting a "wait-and-see" strategy over the past month and abstained from shipping cargo which is already ready. Second, the 90-day pause expires in the middle of the usual peak season for holiday-related goods going to the US. “We should therefore expect a possible pull-forward of cargo creating a shorter, sharper, peak season from basically right now,” Jensen said. US ports were already beginning to see fewer vessels arriving or scheduling arrivals because of the trade war, but Jensen said the 90-day pause could lead to a swift change. “With the expected surge in cargo, we should also expect that the US ports which are right now facing a massive drop in cargo volume will switch to face a surge of cargo with a substantial risk of bottleneck issues and delays as a consequence,” Jensen said. Average spot rates are down by 56% and 48% from China to the US West Coast and US East Coast, respectively, since 1 January, despite an uptick of 18% and 12% on 1 April, according to Xeneta data. Rates have fallen slightly since then but remain elevated compared with the end of March. Container ships and costs for shipping containers are relevant to the chemical industry because while most chemicals are liquids and are shipped in tankers, container ships transport polymers, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), which are shipped in pellets. They also transport liquid chemicals in isotanks. Visit the US tariffs, policy – impact on chemicals and energy topic page Visit the Logistics: Impact on chemicals and energy topic page

12-May-2025

HOUSTON (ICIS)–Here are the top stories from ICIS News from the week ended 9 May. INSIGHT: Mexico’s automotive tariffs raise specter of recession, rest of LatAm more resilient Mexico remains the potential largest victim of the change in US trade policy, but practically no country in the world would be spared from an impact, analysts said this week. US Celanese to cut rates if demand falters further in increasingly 'uncertain' H2 – execs Celanese will aim to weather what is becoming an increasingly “uncertain” second half of 2025 by reducing inventories and keeping firm cost controls, but also by reducing operating rates if demand is not there, the CEO at the US-based acetyls and engineered materials producer said on Tuesday. Braskem-Idesa launches its ethane import terminal in Mexico Braskem-Idesa (BI) officially launched the Terminal Quimica Puerto Mexico (TQPM) on Wednesday, according to a notice from the company. US-UK announce trade deal to open up markets for chemicals, ethanol, agriculture, autos, steel and aluminium, aircraft The US and UK announced the first trade deal since the US 2 April ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs which would open up UK market access for US chemicals, machinery, beef, ethanol and other agricultural products, government officials said. Canada’s Pembina assures on US tariffs and Path2Zero delay Pembina Pipeline does not expect material near-term impacts from the US tariffs or from the delay of Dow’s Path2Zero petrochemicals project in Alberta province, the top executives of the Canadian midstream energy company told analysts in an update on Friday.

12-May-2025

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–The US and China have agreed to de-escalate trade war with sharp cuts on tariffs by 14 May 2025, for an initial period of three months, according to a joint statement issued on Monday by the world’s two biggest economies. The statement was a result of a two-day closed-door discussions between officials of the two sides in Geneva, Switzerland over the weekend. The US will suspend the 24% tariffs on Chinese goods for 90 days, while retaining the remaining ad valorem rate of 10% announced on 2 April.  Tariffs announced on 8 April and 9 April will be removed. On China’s side, Beijing will lower its tariffs on US imports to 10% and suspend the 24% duties for 90 days, with other charges to be scrapped. Additionally, China will adopt all necessary administrative measures to suspend or remove the non-tariff countermeasures taken against the US since 2 April 2025. After taking these actions, the parties will establish a mechanism to continue discussions about economic and trade relations, the statement said. Visit the ICIS Topic Page: US tariffs, policy – impact on chemicals and energy.

12-May-2025

Serbian utility EPS inks long-term PPA from 168MW wind farms This could accelerate energy plans, boost PPA plans and have a bearish impact on spot power prices in the region The country plans to have 1.3GW renewable capacity by 2027 WARSAW (ICIS)–The signing of a new power purchase agreement (PPA) is set to support Serbia's energy transition plans by 2027, local traders told ICIS. This comes as state utility Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) announced a 15-year PPA from two wind farms (Alibunar 1 and Alibunar 2) with a total 168MW capacity, EPS said on 8 May. “EPS will take over all the produced electricity, and the purchase and balancing price is determined on market principles, which provides an incentive to investors and allows EPS to make additional profits. This energy will also provide significant, additional security for the operation of our electricity system and the supply,” said Dusan Zivkovic, CEO of EPS. “EPS receives cheap green energy, while investors benefit from a guaranteed 15-year PPA and an auction premium. As an association, we advocate for the third round of auctions to take place as soon as possible, alongside the adoption of appropriate regulations and a new three-year auction plan,” said Danijela Isailovic, manager at local renewable group OIE Serbia, in a statement on 8 May. In 2028, this capacity will be increased by 1GW from self-balancing power plants EPS is developing with a strategic partner, and renewable production is expected to reach 50% of EPS's total electricity output, added Zivkovic. MARKET IMPACT “This PPA is a milestone for Serbia as it will be a bearish driver for the local market spot market as renewable capacity takes over a large percentage of the current coal output,” a local trader told ICIS. EPS's PPA will encourage the local industry to forge more PPA deals, added another market participant. “Over the coming years, we expect at least an additional 1GW of auction-winning plants to be built and new PPAs to be signed,” a local developer told ICIS. TRANSITION PLANS The large investors' interest in Serbia's recent second renewable tender is set to support Serbia's energy transition plans by 2027, energy minister Dubravka Dedovic Handanovic said in February. The total capacity awarded was 645MW and the offered prices were "competitive", resulting in €50.9/MWh for solar and €53.5/MWh for wind, "significantly below market levels", said Handanovic. Both auctions are supported through a contract-for-difference (CfD) scheme for 15 years. All renewable plants should be online by 2027 as the country targets at least 1.3GW of new renewable capacity by the same period. Currently, Serbia has 4.4GW of coal-fired power, with coal and gas units representing 75% of the country’s energy mix, grid operator EMS data indicated.

12-May-2025

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Saudi Aramco's first-quarter net income fell by 4.6% year on year to Saudi riyal (SR) 97.5 billion ($26 billion), weighed down by a combination of higher cost and lower oil prices. in SR billions Q1 2025 Q1 2024 % Change Sales 405.65 402.04 0.9 Operating profit 191.36 202.05 -5.3 Net Profit 97.54 102.27 -4.6 Its total revenue in the first three months of 2025 increased by 0.9% year on year on higher sales volumes for gas and refined and chemical products, as well as higher traded volumes of crude oil, the company said in a filing on the Saudi bourse on 11 May. Aramco’s average realized crude oil prices in Q1 2025 stood at $76.3/bbl, down from $83.0/bbl in the same period last year. “Global trade dynamics affected energy markets in the first quarter of 2025, with economic uncertainty impacting oil prices,” Aramco president & CEO Amin Nasser said in a statement. Saudi Aramco’s Q1 capital expenditures of $12.5 billion “support long-term strategic growth”. New oil and gas discoveries in Saudi Arabia, which is the world’s biggest exporter of crude oil, “reflects sustained advantage in exploration”, the company said. In February 2025, Aramco entered a definitive to acquire 25% equity stake in Unioil Petroleum Philippines to support strategic growth in downstream value chain. In the following month, Aramco completed acquisition of 50% equity interest in Blue Hydrogen Industrial Gases Co aims to capitalize on emerging opportunities for lower-carbon energy. ($1 = SR3.75) Thumbnail image: A view of Shaybah oilfield in Rub Al-Khali, Saudi Arabia – 17 December 2018 (By VALDRIN XHEMAJ/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock)

12-May-2025

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–China is turning to hydrogen as a potential lever in efforts to decarbonize its aluminium industry, as regulators tighten emissions rules, and global buyers demand greener materials. While still in early stages of deployment, hydrogen is gaining attention for its possible role in high-temperature heating, increasing renewables in grid, and emissions reduction. The move aligns with China’s broader ambition to peak carbon emissions in the aluminium sector by 2025 and support global net-zero targets by 2050, as set by the International Aluminium Institute (IAI). Carbon market expansion enhances hydrogen’s value in aluminium Early adoption may offer global market edge Significant potential, but barriers remain In March 2025, China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment expanded the national carbon trading market to include aluminium, steel, and cement – raising market coverage from 40% to more than 60% of national emissions. This inclusion means aluminium producers will face growing pressure to curb emissions or bear rising compliance costs. The High-Quality Development Plan for the Aluminium Industry (2025–2027), recently released by the Chinese government, makes clean energy substitution a policy priority. The strategy encourages increased use of renewable electricity and pilot applications of hydrogen in key production processes. EMISSIONS PROFILE HIGHLIGHTS DECARBONIZATION URGENCY China’s aluminium sector is responsible for 85% of emissions in the country’s nonferrous metals industry. In 2023, aluminium-related emissions hit 530 million tonnes, including 420 million tonnes from electrolytic smelting, according to the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association. In 2024, the country produced roughly 43.7 million tonnes of electrolytic aluminium, around 60% of global output. In 2023, China produced about 41.59 million tonnes of electrolytic aluminium, and the segment consumed over 500 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, with each tonne of aluminium requiring at least 12,000 kWh and emitting an average of 12.7 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2), according to the National Bureau of Statistics, National Energy Agency and Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Most emissions are tied to primary production. Industry estimates suggest over 95% of the aluminium sector’s emissions stem from upstream processes such as mining, refining, and smelting, with energy use (electricity and heat) accounting for three-quarters of the total. Coal remains the dominant power source in China’s aluminium sector. The IAI and International Energy Agency (IEA) outline three primary decarbonization pathways: transitioning to low-carbon electricity, reducing process emissions, and boosting recycling rates. GREEN ELECTRICITY TARGETS DRIVE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT The IEA estimates the carbon intensity of aluminium’s power supply must fall by 60% by 2030. Globally, about 55% of aluminium smelters rely on captive power. In China, more than 60% of aluminum smelters owned captive coal-fired power generators by September 2023, according to Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Electricity represents 30%-40% of aluminium production costs in China, according to industry sources. With renewable energy uptake still limited and preferential electricity pricing being phased out, aluminium producers are under pressure to diversify power sources and enhance flexibility via storage. The Chinese government requires the sector to raise clean electricity use to above 30% by 2027, up from less than 25% in 2023. This is spurring investment in hydropower, wind, solar, and hydrogen storage. Shanghai Metals Market data show green electricity accounted for over 25% of smelting power in 2024. In provinces such as Yunnan, Qinghai, and Sichuan, the share exceeded 80%, while coal-dominant Xinjiang and Shandong remained low at below 5% in 2023. One pilot example is Dongfang Hope Group’s Xinjiang facility, which uses a wind-solar-hydrogen integrated system to meet 95% of its electricity demand, positioning it as a “zero-carbon aluminium” site. HYDROGEN GAINS TRACTION IN HIGH-TEMPRETURE HEATING Reducing non-electric emissions – especially from alumina refining – presents another challenge. Emerging technologies such as mechanical vapor recompression (MVR), electric calcination, and hydrogen-based burners are being tested, although large-scale deployment remains years away. Hydrogen’s high heat value and clean combustion make it a candidate to replace natural gas or coal in calcination and smelting. The IEA’s Hydrogen Review 2024 highlights multiple global trials: In Australia, Rio Tinto and Sumitomo are piloting hydrogen calcination at the Yarwun refinery with a 2.5 MW electrolyser and a retrofitted calciner with a hydrogen burner. Norway’s Hydro tested aluminum smelting fired by hydrogen and produced 225 tonnes of green aluminium at its Navarra plant in Spain, approved by electric vehicles manufacturer Irizar. Tokyo Gas and LIXIL in Japan tested hydrogen heat treatment for aluminium, finding no impact on product quality. Hydrogen-based aluminium production still carries a steep price tag – up to $5,000 per tonne versus $2,000 using conventional methods. Analysts say the economics could shift if green hydrogen costs fell below $2 per kg. In China, Aluminum Corporation of China Limited (Chalco)’s Qinghai subsidiary launched a 15% hydrogen blend in natural gas for anode calcination, cutting CO2 emissions by 370,000 tonnes annually. CARBON TRADING ADDS FINANCIAL INCENTIVE With the aluminium sector now in China’s emissions trading scheme, carbon becomes a direct item in aluminium companies’ cost structures. The government supports reducing Scope 2 emissions – those from purchased electricity – via renewable energy contracts and green certificate (REC) purchases. These instruments allow companies to offset emissions and potentially trade surplus emissions carbon allowances. China issued 80 million RECs in 2023, but aluminium producers bought less than 5%; with expanded policy incentives, this could rise to 15–20% by 2027, according to industry sources. Green hydrogen, as a quantifiable emissions reducer, may also be monetized through carbon credits. China’s aluminium decarbonization strategy depends on simultaneous progress across power substitution, process innovation, and recycling. Hydrogen is not the only solution, but it is fast becoming part of the mix. Though significant development potential for adopting hydrogen, there are still barriers ahead. High hydrogen production and logistics costs, limited infrastructure with few cost-effective delivery routes to factories, and underdeveloped technologies like hydrogen calcination will continue to limit scale-up. Still, with the carbon market expanding and global demand for green aluminium rising, for China’s aluminium companies, investing early in hydrogen may help secure a greener foothold in an increasingly climate-conscious global supply chain. Analysis by Patricia Tao Visit the Hydrogen Topic Page for more update on hydrogen

12-May-2025