
Ethylene oxide (EO)
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Discover the factors influencing ethylene oxide (EO) markets
Global ethylene Oxide (EO) market growth is driven by increasing demand for consumer products and increased use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Many personal use and household products use EO-based surfactants. However, it is generally constrained by uncertain demand in the automotive industry.
The textile industry is another major driver of demand. EO derivatives are used for shrink-proofing, static prevention, mothproofing and to treat synthetic and natural fibres. China and India are the largest exporters of fibre, textiles, and clothing.
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Ethylene oxide (EO) news
INSIGHT: South Korea broadens aid for struggling petrochemical industry
SINGAPORE (ICIS)–South Korea is streamlining regulations to make it easier for regions densely populated by petrochemical companies to qualify as "industrial crisis response areas", a designation that unlocks government support and financial assistance to mitigate impact of market downturns. Yeosu, Ulsan, Daesan petrochemical hubs to benefit Focus shifts to manufacturing for crisis designation Voluntary business restructuring encouraged This designation also unlocks access to tailored assistance in areas like employment stability, R&D, commercialization, market access, and consulting, according to a Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) administrative notice released on 5 February. The new regulation follows a wide-ranging support package unveiled by the government on 23 December 2024, aimed at bolstering the competitiveness of its domestic petrochemical industry, which is facing a global oversupply driven by expansions in China and the Middle East. This policy shift is expected to benefit major petrochemical hubs such as Yeosu, Ulsan, and Daesan, providing them with greater access to resources designed to mitigate economic downturns and to support continued growth within the sector. Previously, the high proportion of the services sector in cities like Yeosu hindered their ability to be designated as industrial crisis response areas. The revised regulations will now assess "regional stagnation" based solely on the manufacturing sector, excluding service industries. This change will allow regions heavily reliant on manufacturing, particularly petrochemicals, to meet the designation criteria more readily. MULTI-PRONGED STRATEGY A cornerstone of the government's latest plan is encouraging voluntary business restructuring, encompassing facility closures, sales, joint ventures, efficiency improvements, and new business acquisitions. To facilitate these changes, the government will implement legal reforms and offer a range of financial and tax incentives. These include extending the grace period for acquiring 100% of holding company shares from three to five years and streamlining merger reviews with the Korean Fair Trade Commission (FTC), the country's regulatory authority for economic competition. A dedicated consultation channel between MOTIE and the FTC will further expedite reviews and support restructuring efforts. Separately, the government plans to provide up to Korean won (W) 3 trillion ($2.1 billion) in financing packages for petrochemical companies seeking to revamp their business portfolios, including expanded access to a W1 trillion business restructuring fund managed by the Korea Development Bank. For designated Industrial Crisis Response Areas, existing loan maturities from policy financial institutions will be extended, principal repayments deferred; national tax payment deadlines extended; and seizure and sale deferred for up to one year. Beyond restructuring, the government is targeting cost reduction. The duty-free period for crude oil used in naphtha production will be extended by a year until the end of 2025 and import surcharges on liquefied natural gas (LNG) used as industrial raw materials will be refunded. A "fast-track" approval process will be implemented for ethane terminal and storage tank construction to facilitate access to cheaper raw materials. Additional cost-saving measures include expanding electricity rate options through distributed power trading and rationalizing safety regulations. The plan will also support R&D focused on shifting production from general-purpose petrochemicals to specialized, high-value-added products. An "R&D Investment Roadmap for 2025-2030" will be unveiled in the first half of this year, and preliminary feasibility studies for high-value and eco-friendly chemical material technology development will be conducted. The support ratio for regional investment subsidies in Industrial Crisis Response Areas will be increased, national strategic and new growth technologies will be identified, and a W50 billion "High-Value Specialty Fund" will be established to promote production of specialty chemicals. DOMESTIC PRODUCERS STRUGGLE South Korea's four largest petrochemical manufacturers – LG Chem, Lotte Chemical, Kumho Petrochemical and Hanwha Solutions – faced continued challenges in 2024. LG Chem reported a net loss of W899.2 billion in the fourth quarter, reversing the net profit of W128.5 billion a year ago due to decreased demand for both petrochemicals and battery materials. It also reported an operating loss of W252 billion in the same period. The company has revised down its capital expenditure plan for the year to W2 trillion-3 trillion from W4 trillion previously as it navigates the market downturn. Separately, as part of its global expansion strategy, LG Chem has secured a deal to supply cathode materials to Prime Planet Energy and Solutions (PPES) – a joint venture of Japanese carmaker Toyota and appliance maker Panasonic – starting 2026. The company will focus on developing eco-friendly materials and technologies that align with PPES' low-carbon vision. Meanwhile, major ethylene producer Lotte Chemical in Q3 2024 reported a loss of W514 billion, on "delayed demand recovery, lower product spreads due to currency depreciation, one-time costs from maintenance at overseas subsidiaries, and rising shipping costs". The company is now pursuing an asset-light strategy, which involved liquidation of its Malaysian synthetic rubber production subsidiary Lotte Ube Synthetic Rubber (LUSR) – a joint venture with Japan’s Ube Elastomer. Based in Johor, Malaysia, LUSR produces 50,000 tonnes/year of polybutadiene rubber (PBR). Lotte Chemical also plans to generate W1.4 trillion in proceeds from sale of stakes in overseas subsidiaries. Synthetic rubber major Kumho Petrochemical Co reported on 4 February a Q4 net income of W61.3 billion, down 33% year on year, due to weak market demand due to a year-end drop in raw material prices; with operating profit shrinking by about 72% to W10 billion despite a 19% increase in sales to W1.8 trillion. Insight article by Nurluqman Suratman ($1 = W1,446) Thumbnail image shows an aerial view of a container pier in South Korea's southeastern port city of Busan. (YONHAP/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock)
07-Feb-2025
BP puts Gelsenkirchen, Germany refinery, crackers up for sale
BARCELONA (ICIS)–BP plans to sell its to sell its Ruhr Oel refinery, crackers and downstream assets at Gelsenkirchen in Germany. The company will start marketing the assets immediately, with the aim of completing the sale this year, according to a statement published on 6 February by the UK headquartered energy giant. According to the ICIS Supply & Demand Database BP operates a refinery and two crackers with combined capacity of 1.065 million tonnes/year of ethylene, as well as units with 645,000 tonnes/year propylene, 430,000 tonnes/year benzene plus cumene, cyclohexane, methanol, toluene and ammonia facilities. BP said the assets for sale include DHC Solvent Chemie in Mulheim an der Ruhr. All refinery owners in Europe are under pressure to rationalise their portfolios thanks to the shift to vehicle electrification and high cost base. There is also intense competition from new refineries starting up in Asia and the Middle East. BP said the move is in line with its strategic drive to deliver a simpler, more focused, higher value company. The company said that it has implemented numerous projects to modernize the infrastructure of the refinery in Gelsenkirchen in recent years. This includes renewing the power grid and establishing an independent steam supply. The refinery can process crude oils from around the world, produce fuels and also has the potential to manufacture biofuels and process recycled plastics, said bp. Michael Connolly, ICIS principal refining analyst pointed out that the refinery is configured to give a moderately high yield of gasoline, meaning it is not really suited to the future of the European market, where vehicle electrification is hurting demand. He said BP already had plans to reduce the capacity of the refinery from 260,000 bbl/day to 155,000 bbl/day in 2025. “Undoubtedly it would have used Russian crude, but despite having access to seaborne crude, the loss of Russian crude through sanctions would have impacted financials,” he said. The economics of the facility will also be more challenging, as for all European refiners, because cracks or margins for gasoil production have declined to pre-Ukraine war levels, added Connolly. ICIS expects German crude refining capacity to fall from 2.1 million bbl/day in 2020 to 1.8 million bbl/day by 2026 and well off their peak refining capacity of 2.4 bd in 2007. Emma Delaney, BP executive vice president, customers & products said, “BP needs to continually manage its global portfolio as we position to grow as a simpler, more focused, higher-value company. After a thorough review, we have concluded that a new owner would be better suited for the site to take it forward. We are convinced that the refinery can unlock its full potential under new ownership.” Focus article by Will Beacham Graphics by Miguel Rodriguez-Fernandez Thumbnail photo: bp's refinery site in Gelsenkirchen, Germany (Source: BP) Clarification: recasts to explain BP has two crackers at the site.
06-Feb-2025
CORRECTED: INSIGHT: US tariffs unleash higher costs to nation's chem industry
Correction: In the ICIS story headlined “INSIGHT: US tariffs unleash higher costs to nation's chem industry” dated 3 February 2025, the wrong volumes were used for the following imports: Canadian ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94; Canadian polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more, in primary forms; Canadian polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94, in primary forms; Canadian polypropylene, in primary forms; Canadian mixed xylene isomers; Mexican polypropylene, in primary forms; and Mexican cyclohexane. The US did not import cyclohexane from Mexico in 2023. A corrected story follows. HOUSTON (ICIS)–The tariffs that the US will impose on all imports from Canada, Mexico and China will unleash higher costs for the nation's chemical industry, create supply-chain snarls and open it to retaliation. For Canada, the US will impose 10% tariffs on imports of energy and 25% tariffs on all other imports. For Mexico, the US imposed 25% tariffs on all imports but the countries' presidents said on Monday the tariffs are being paused for a month. For China, the US will impose 10% tariffs on all imports. US IMPORTS LARGE AMOUNTS OF PE FROM CANADAUS petrochemical production is concentrated along its Gulf Coast, which is far from many of its manufacturing hubs in the northeastern and midwestern parts of the country. As a result, individual states import large amounts of polyethylene (PE) from Canada – even though the nation as a whole has a large surplus of the material. Even Texas imports large amounts of PE from Canada – despite its abundance of plants that produce the polymer. In addition, polyester plants in North and South Carolina import large amounts of the feedstocks monoethylene glycol (MEG) and purified terephthalic acid (PTA) from Canada. The US as a whole imports significant amounts of polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from Canada – again, despite its surplus of these plastics. The following table lists some of the main plastics and chemicals that the US imported from Canada in 2023. The products are organized by their harmonized tariff schedule (HTS) code. HTS PRODUCT MEASUREMENT VOLUMES 3901.40.00 Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 kilograms 1,319,817,405 3901.20.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more, in primary forms kilograms 1,088,071,523 3901.10.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94, in primary forms kilograms 420,561,390 2917.36.00 Terephthalic acid and its salts kilograms 407,710,439 2905.31.00 Ethylene Glycol kilograms 329,542,378 3902.10.00 Polypropylene, in primary forms kilograms 271,201,880 3904.10.00 Polyvinyl chloride, not mixed with any other substances, in primary forms kilograms 188,800,413 2902.44.00 Mixed xylene isomers liters 746,072 2905.12.00 Propan-1-ol (Propyl alcohol) and Propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol) kilograms 87,805,095 3901.30.60 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers kilograms 71,372,396 Source: US International Trade Commission (ITC) IMPORTS FROM MEXICOMexico is not as large of a source of US petrochemical imports as Canada, but shipments from the country are still noteworthy. The following table lists some of the main plastics and chemicals that the US imported from Mexico in 2023. HTS PRODUCT MEASUREMENT VOLUMES 2917.36.00 Terephthalic acid and its salts kilograms 69,230,708 3901.10.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94, in primary forms kilograms 34,674,435 2915.24.00 Acetic anhydride kilograms 25,294,318 3904.10.00 Polyvinyl chloride, not mixed with any other substances, in primary forms kilograms 24,005,371 2915.31.00 Ethyl acetate kilograms 18,855,544 3901.20.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more, in primary forms kilograms 14,469,582 3902.10.00 Polypropylene, in primary forms kilograms 8,849,478 Source: US International Trade Commission (ITC) IMPORTS FROM CHINAChina remains a significant source for a couple of noteworthy chemicals despite the effects of the tariffs that US President Donald Trump imposed during his first term in office. The following table shows 2023 US imports from China. HTS PRODUCT MEASUREMENT VOLUMES 29152100 Acetic acid kilograms 21,095,566 39093100 Poly(methylene phenyl isocyanate) (crude MDI, polymeric MDI) kilograms 206,642,886 Source: US International Trade Commission (ITC) China's shipments of plastics goods are more significant. OIL TARIFFS WILL HIT US REFINERSCanada and Mexico are the largest sources of imported crude oil in the US, and the heavier grades from these countries complement the lighter grades that the US produces in abundance. Those imports help fill out refining units that process heavier crude fractions, such as hydrocrackers, cokers, base oil units and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units. Refiners cannot swap out heavier Canadian and Mexican grades with lighter US grades. Instead, they will need to pay the tariffs or find another supplier of heavier grades, possibly at a higher cost. The following table shows the largest sources of imported crude in 2023. Figures are listed in thousands of barrels/day. COUNTRY IMPORTS % Canada 3,885 59.9 Mexico 733 11.3 Saudi Arabia 349 5.4 Iraq 213 3.3 Colombia 202 3.1 Total US imports 6,489 Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA) US refiners could take another hit from higher catalyst costs. These are made from rare earth elements, and China remains a key source. TARIFFS TO RAISE COSTS FOR FERTILIZERCanada is the world's largest producer of potash, and it exports massive amounts to the US. It is unclear how the US could find another source. Russia and Belarus are the world's second and third largest potash producers. Together, the three accounted for 65.9% of global potash production in 2023, according to the Canadian government. Canada accounts for significant shares of other US imports of fertilizers. The following table lists some of Canada's fertilizer shipments to the US in 2023 and shows its share of total US imports. Figures are from 2023. HTS PRODUCT MEASUREMENT VOLUME % 31042000 Potassium chloride metric tonne 11850925 88.8 31023000 Ammonium nitrate, whether or not in aqueous solution metric tonne 295438 76.6 31024000 Mixtures of ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic nonfertilizing substances metric tonne 29203 75.7 31055100 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, containing nitrates and phosphates metric tonne 1580 66.1 31022100 Ammonium sulfate metric tonne 947140 49.6 31052000 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium metric tonne 147850 41.4 Source: US ITC SUPPLY CHAIN SNARLSIf US companies choose to avoid the tariffs and seek other suppliers, they could be exposed to delays and supply chain constraints. Other companies outside of the petrochemical, plastic and fertilizer industries will also be seeking new suppliers. The scale of these disruptions could be significant because Canada, Mexico and China are the largest trading partners in the US. The following table lists the top 10 US trading partners in 2023 based on combined imports and exports. Country Total Exports ($) General Imports ($) TOTAL Mexico 322,742,472,406 475,215,965,697 797,958,438,103 Canada 354,355,997,349 418,618,659,183 772,974,656,532 China 147,777,767,493 426,885,009,750 574,662,777,243 Germany 76,697,761,127 159,272,068,221 235,969,829,348 Japan 75,683,130,214 147,238,042,342 222,921,172,556 South Korea 65,056,093,590 116,154,470,335 181,210,563,925 UK 74,315,228,810 64,217,031,774 138,532,260,584 Taiwan 39,956,725,574 87,767,403,487 127,724,129,061 Vietnam 9,842,922,146 114,426,076,081 124,268,998,227 Source: US ITC RETALIATIONUS petrochemical exports would be tempting targets for retaliation because of their magnitude and the global capacity glut. China, in particular, could impose tariffs on US chemical imports and offset the disruptions by increasing rates at under-utilized plants. So far, none announced plans to target chemicals on Sunday. Canada's plans to impose 25% tariffs on $30 billion in US goods does not include oil, refined products, chemicals or plastics. That batch of tariffs will take place on February 4. Canada will impose 25% tariffs on an additional $125 billion worth of US goods following a 21-day comment period, it said. The government did not highlight plastics or chemicals in this second batch of tariffs. Instead, it said the tariffs will cover passenger vehicles and trucks, including electric vehicles, steel and aluminium products, certain fruits and vegetables, aerospace products, beef, pork, dairy, trucks and buses, recreational vehicles and recreational boats. In a statement issued on Sunday, Mexico's president made no mention of retaliatory tariffs. Instead, she said she will provide more details about Mexico's response on Monday. China said it will start legal proceedings through the World Trade Organization (WTO) and take corresponding countermeasures. RATIONALE BEHIND THE TARIFFSThe US imposed the tariffs under the nation's International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), which gives the president authority to take actions to address a severe national security threat. In a fact sheet, Trump cited illegal immigration and illicit drugs. Saturday's executive order is the first time that a US president imposed tariffs under IEEPA. Prior IEEPA actions lasted an average of nine years. They can be terminated by a vote in Congress. Insight article by Al Greenwood (Thumbnail shows containers, in which goods are commonly shipped. Image by Shutterstock)
03-Feb-2025
Samsung A&E bags $1.7bn deal to build UAE's first methanol plant
SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Abu Dhabi Chemicals Derivatives Co (TA’ZIZ) said on Monday it has awarded South Korea’s engineering firm Samsung E&A a $1.7 billion contract to build the first methanol plant in the UAE, which is slated to be completed in 2028. The plant, to be built in Al Ruwais Industrial City in western Abu Dhabi, will have a capacity of 1.8 million tonnes/year, TA’ZIZ said in a statement posted on the website of its parent firm Abu Dhabi National Oil Co (ADNOC). TA’ZIZ is a joint venture (JV) between ADNOC and sovereign wealth fund ADQ. Samsung A&E was formerly known as Samsung Engineering. “The [methanol] plant will enhance the UAE’s position as a leader in sustainable chemicals production and strengthen TA’ZIZ’s role in enabling ADNOC’s global ambition to lead the chemicals sector,” TA’ZIZ CEO Mashal Saoud Al Kindi said. The company said that the plant will be "powered by clean energy from the grid, making it one of the world’s most energy-efficient methanol plants". Set up in 2020 to develop industrial projects and diversify the economy away from oil in the UAE, TA'ZIZ is expected to produce 4.7 million tonnes/year of chemicals by 2028 in its initial phase, including methanol, low-carbon ammonia, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene dichloride (EDC), vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), and caustic soda. Several of these chemicals will be produced for the first time in the UAE. ADNOC is moving in the specialty chemical space as part of its growth. On 1 February, ADNOC announced that it is in talks with Austrian petrochemical firm OMV to acquire Canada's Nova Chemicals from Mubadala, another Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund. If the acquisition goes through, a new global polyolefins group combining Nova Chemicals, Borealis, and Borouge will be formed, it said. Borealis is a 75:25 joint venture between OMV and ADNOC, while Borouge is jointly owned by ADNOC (54%) and Borealis (36%).
03-Feb-2025
INSIGHT: US states near Canada face massive tariff bill on plastics imports
HOUSTON (ICIS)–Customers in several US states closer to Canada than its Gulf Coast petrochemical hubs import large amounts of plastics and chemicals from the country, including materials that the US produces in abundance, and these shipments could soon become subject to tariffs totalling hundreds of millions of dollars. US President Donald Trump has said he could announce on February 1 tariffs of up to 25% on imports from Canada and Mexico. Even though the US has large surpluses of many plastics and chemicals, domestic companies still import large amounts of these materials from Canada. These customers face the prospects of higher tariffs from Canadian imports or potentially higher shipping costs from suppliers that are farther away. CANADIAN EXPORTS TO NORTHERN STATESUS plastics and chemicals production is concentrated on the Gulf Coast in the south, which is far from the manufacturing and plastic processing hubs in Michigan, Illinois and Ohio in the north. These and other northern US states are much closer to Canada's petrochemical plants in Sarnia, Ontario province, than they are to the Gulf Coast. The following table shows various plastics and chemicals that Canadian exported in 2023 to Michigan, Illinois and Ohio. The bottom row shows how much customers from each state would pay if a 25% tariff was levied on the total value of these 2023 exports. Export figures are in tonnes. HTS Code Description Michigan (tonnes) Illinois (tonnes) Ohio (tonnes) 3901.10.00 PE having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 30,403 41,967 59,908 3901.20.00 PE having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more 125,693 66,493 85,328 3901.40.00 Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers 163,543 155,042 88,793 3902.10.00 Polypropylene 6,232 122,970 20,694 3901.30.00 Ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer 55 55,012 2,526 2905.31.00 Ethylene glycol 5 152,746 8,634 Total tariff bill $119,027,186 $243,701,358 $103,054,090 Source: Statistics Canada CANADIAN IMPORTS FROM THE CAROLINASNorth and South Carolina are also large destinations for Canadian exports. These states are home to auto plants as well as facilities that make polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which uses monoethylene glycol (MEG) and purified terephthalic acid (PTA) as feedstocks. The following table shows 2023 shipments made to these states. The bottom row shows how much customers would pay if a 25% tariff was levied on the total value of these exports. Export figures are in tonnes. HTS Code Description South Carolina (tonnes) North Carolina (tonnes) 3904.10.00 PVC, not mixed with any other substances 428 134,433 2905.31.00 Ethylene glycol 66,973 2,731 2917.36.00 Terephthalic acid and its salts 102,162 162,505 3901.10.00 PE having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 25,379 13,076 3901.20.00 PE having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more 79,301 30,278 3901.40.00 Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers 98,070 40,879 3902.10.00 Polypropylene 38,763 1,033 Total tariff bill $168,380,231 $166,512,281 Source: Statistics Canada Even though Texas is home to many plastics and chemical plants, it is still a destination for a large amount of plastic exports from Canada. The following table shows 2023 shipments made to Texas. The bottom row shows how much customers would pay if a 25% tariff was levied on the total value of these exports. Export figures are in tonnes. HTS Code Description Texas (tonnes) 3901.10.00 PE having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 62,300 3901.20.00 PE having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more 189,247 3901.40.00 Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers 185,610 3902.10.00 Polypropylene 21,315 Total tariff bill $145,297,714 Source: Statistics Canada CONSEQUENCES OF TARIFFSWhether the US proposes the tariffs on February 1 is still up in the air. Trump has used the threat of tariffs as a negotiating tool in the past, as he did against Mexico during his first term and against Colombia earlier this month. In both cases, the US reached agreements with the countries without imposing the tariffs. If the US does impose the tariffs, customers could pay the additional tax, or they could find another supplier. For states closer to Canada, new suppliers could increase shipping times and costs. If the tariffs are broad enough, customers will be competing for cargo space with other companies that are also procuring supplies from new suppliers. The tariffs could make the US plastic and chemical markets more vulnerable to weather disruptions because most of its production is concentrated along the Gulf Coast. This region of the US is vulnerable to hurricanes and, increasingly, to sub-freezing temperatures. Since 2021, the Gulf Coast has had spells of sub-freezing temperature every winter season. The region's plants were not designed to operate in such low temperatures, so they typically suffer from unplanned outages during the winter. Canadian material made US chemical and plastic supply chains more resilient by offering an alternative to Gulf Coast material. HOW CANADIAN TARIFFS COULD UNFOLDIf the US does pursue tariffs against Canada, it will likely do so under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) of 1977, said Jacob Jensen, a data analyst for the American Action Forum (AAF), a think tank. The IEEPA allows the president to propose actions to address a severe national security threat. In the case of tariffs, immigration, fentanyl or both would be declared as national emergencies, and that would trigger IEEPA. Once the president notifies Congress through a letter or a speech, the tariffs could be imposed. Imposing tariffs under IEEPA would be a first for the US, Jensen said. It could also be long term. The average duration of an IEEPA order is nine years. They can be terminated by a vote in Congress. The US can impose tariffs under other laws, but the ones that Trump proposed for Canada do not meet the parameters under those regulations. Tariffs under Section 301 address unfair trade practices and require investigations. The US has not started such an investigation on Canadian trade practices. Tariffs under Section 232 cover specific products and are not broad-based like the ones Trump proposed against Canada. Tariffs under Section 201 are intended to provide temporary relief for a group of products or an industry. They are not broad-based. Tariffs under Section 122 have a limit of 15%. Tariffs under Section 338 have no precedence and could face court challenges. OTHER POTENTIAL TARIFFSSince winning the election, Trump also proposed tariffs of 25% on imports from Mexico and 10% on imports from China. During his campaign, Trump proposed the following tariffs: Baseline tariffs of 10-20% on all imports. Tariffs of 60% on imports from China. A reciprocal trade act, under which the US would match tariffs that other countries impose on its exports. Insight by Al Greenwood
30-Jan-2025
Dow to face margin pressure in Q1 with no help from macros – execs
NEW YORK (ICIS)–Dow expects to face sales and margin pressures in Q1 2025 with no improvement in the macro outlook following a difficult Q4, senior executives said. Dow expects Q1 earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) of around $1 billion – down $200 million from Q4 – on higher feedstock and energy costs, and higher maintenance activity. On the top line, sales in Q1 are expected to be down 2-4% versus Q4 in Packaging and Specialty Plastics (P&SP), down 2-4% in Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructure (II&I) but up 3-7% in Performance Materials & Coatings (PM&C). Overall Dow sales are expected to decline in Q1 versus Q4 as the declines in the first two segments outweigh the positive impact expected in the third – an unusual occurrence as Q4 is seasonally the weakest period. Q1 guidance does not include any impact from the January winter storm in the US Gulf Coast as Dow’s sites managed well through the event. The 2025 outlook also appears challenging. “While global GDP [in 2025] is expected to grow at similar levels to 2024, recent economic activity is primarily being led by strength in service-related sectors,” said Jeff Tate, Dow CFO, on the company’s Q4 earnings call. “Ongoing affordability challenges also continue to pressure spending in housing and durable goods sectors. These dynamics have created a two-speed economy,” he added. Dow is also monitoring any impacts from ongoing geopolitical volatility, including potential tariffs, he noted. Q4 RESULTS DOWN Dow’s Q4 2024 sales were down 2% year on year to $10.4 billion with volumes up 1% and local price down 3%. Operating earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) fell 19% to $454 million. “We’ve shown five consecutive quarters of [year-on-year] volume growth so we’re still going to take advantage of our low cost position and get our share, but pricing power is the real question,” said Dow CEO Jim Fitterling. On the positive side, ethylene chain – Packaging and Specialty Plastics (P&SP) and ethylene oxide (EO) and derivatives – demand continues to be strong, he said. NEW $1 BILLION RESTRUCTURING Underlying the overall difficult outlook for 2025, Dow is taking further actions to cut costs by $1 billion, including the elimination of 1,500 jobs. Capital spending (capex) will also be reduced by $300-500 million from prior guidance of $3.5 billion. The company also plans to idle a cracker in Terneuzen, the Netherlands, in Q2 until market conditions improve, and will provide an update on its European asset footprint review which focuses on polyurethanes (PU) by mid-2025. Any cost reductions from the European asset review will be in addition to the $1 billion in cost cuts just announced, said Fitterling. HOUSING AND AUTO MACROS PRESSURE PU Dow’s PU and construction chemicals businesses will remain under pressure in Q1 on housing headwinds. “We’re not really seeing any signs of demand recovery despite the interest rate cuts in the US and Europe,” said Dow chief operating officer (COO) Karen Carter, who noted end markets being impacted such as bedding and furniture, along with housing itself. “If you think about US home affordability, it remains at historic lows with [mortgage] rates above 7%. We also saw in Q4 automotive start to slow,” she added, noting that US auto inventories are at 10-year highs. In 2024, global automotive production started strong and ramped up through mid-year and then slowed on inventory pull-downs, said Fitterling. “You could see something similar this year where automotive starts strong again. We just have to keep an eye on what happens to inventories and demand,” he said. Focus article by Joseph Chang
30-Jan-2025
Asia top stories – weekly summary
SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Here are the top stories from ICIS News Asia and the Middle East for the week ended 24 January. INSIGHT: Asia braces for Trump's trade upheaval By Nurluqman Suratman 20-Jan-25 12:00 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Asian policymakers are bracing for the return of Donald Trump, dubbed "Trump 2.0," with heightened concerns over increased trade tariffs, ahead of his inauguration as US president on 20 January. Oil prices mixed as Israel-Hamas ceasefire begins; supply concerns persist By Jonathan Yee 20-Jan-25 13:49 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Oil prices were mixed on Monday afternoon amid easing tensions in the Middle East as the Israel-Hamas ceasefire took effect on 19 January, although supply concerns remain amid US sanctions on Russia’s energy sector. Asia PV-grade EVA market firms on supply curbs in China, outlook mixed By Helen Lee 21-Jan-25 17:21 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–After a slow start to the new year, Asia’s photovoltaic (PV)-grade ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) prices rose for the first time since early December 2024 on revived demand for January and February shipments into the key China market. INSIGHT: Firming crude, plant outages provides support across Asia petchems in Jan By Jimmy Zhang 21-Jan-25 20:00 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–A substantial proportion of Asia petrochemical prices are expected to increase in January, with rising crude values providing the bulk of upward support early in the month, buoyed further by plant outages in some markets. Asia caustic soda pre-Lunar New Year supply may be crimped By Jonathan Chou 22-Jan-25 12:36 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Asia's liquid caustic soda supply conditions may be tighter than expected ahead of the upcoming major regional Lunar New Year holidays amid some regional producers’ turnarounds and the possibility of capped operating rates due to sluggish co-product conditions. Tonnage shortfall pulls back China solvent exports to Taiwan By Hwee Hwee Tan 23-Jan-25 10:52 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–An escalated trade spat has hindered regional tanker supply from adjusting in favor of changing petrochemical trade flows between China and Taiwan. Malaysia keeps key interest rate steady; steady GDP growth to be sustained in 2025 By Nurluqman Suratman 23-Jan-25 15:37 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Malaysia's central bank kept its benchmark interest rate unchanged on 22 January, amid expectations that the domestic economy will be able to sustain its growth momentum this year on manageable inflation levels. Gap between Asia rPET and PET prices stay wide despite recent gains By Arianne Perez 24-Jan-25 15:18 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Asian spot prices of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) remain substantially higher than virgin plastics despite the recent double-digit increase in spot PET prices.
27-Jan-2025
US ExxonMobil may build cracker, PE plant in Texas
HOUSTON (ICIS)–ExxonMobil may build an ethane cracker and polyethylene (PE) plant near Corpus Christi, Texas, the company said in an application for a tax break. If ExxonMobil proceeds with the project, it would be built in Calhoun county, which is north of Corpus Christi, the application said. Construction could start in 2025 and finish at the end of 2030. Production could start in 2031, the application said. ExxonMobil is considering other locations for the possible project, including the Middle East, Asia and other sites in North America. ExxonMobil did not disclose capacity figures. The total capital investment could be $8.6 billion. In a statement, ExxonMobil said it was evaluating multiple locations around the world for a future chemical plant. It acknowledged the advantages of a project on the Gulf Coast, which it could integrate with its operations in the Permian basin. "While this site has potential, we are very early in our evaluation process," ExxonMobil said. "Filing for a tax abatement before a final decision is required by law and is part of our due diligence to gain greater clarity for our shareholders and the community. "As we look to meet global demand for our products, we’ll continue to evaluate the market conditions before we make a decision," the company said. ExxonMobil is involved in an existing petrochemical complex in nearby San Patricio county under the Gulf Coast Growth Ventures joint venture with SABIC. Operations started earlier in the decade, and that complex produces ethylene, PE and ethylene glycols. Thumbnail shows PE pellets. Image by ICIS. (adds comments from ExxonMobil, paragraphs 6-8) (adds clarification about operations starting earlier in the decade, paragraph 9)
24-Jan-2025
UPDATE: US freeze shuts numerous chem plants, major ports
HOUSTON (ICIS)–Winter storm Enzo, which caused a hard freeze along the US Gulf Coast, led to widespread shutdowns among chemical plants and refineries. Companies shut down at least five ethylene glycol (EG) units and at least eight crackers because of bad weather. Other plants, such as a propane dehydrogenation (PDH) unit, also shut down. Pre-emptive shutdowns and operational disruptions reported so far include: BASF idles Geismar, Louisiana, EO operations following winter weather BASF TotalEnergies cracker shuts down due to weather Dow's Plaquemine, Louisiana, glycol ethers site down following winter weather Dow's Taft, Louisiana, glycol ethers site down following winter weather Dow idles Taft, Louisiana, EO site following winter weather Dow's Taft, Louisiana, ethanolamines site down following winter weather Enterprise's PDH1 unit in Texas has unplanned shutdown Formosa shuts Louisiana PVC unit ahead of freeze GCGV Portland, Texas, EG site down ahead of freezing temperatures Indorama's Clear Lake, Texas, EG site down for winter weather Indorama Lake Charles cracker shut due to weather Indorama shuts Port Neches, Texas, cracker ahead of winter storm Indorama's Port Neches, Texas, ethanolamines unit down due to winter weather Indorama's Port Neches, Texas, EG unit down ahead of winter weather Ingleside, Texas, cracker shut before winter storm LACC Lotte/Westlake Louisiana cracker and EG unit down ahead of winter weather Lyondell Channelview, Texas, crackers flaring on operations issues Lyondell La Porte, Texas, cracker shutting due to weather Shell's Geismar, Louisiana, EO, EG site down following winter weather SHUTDOWNS AT REFINERIES AND BIOFUELSMotiva's refinery in Port Arthur, Texas, experienced unexpected interruptions and shutdowns of several critical pieces of equipment, it said in a filing with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). The disruptions caused emissions at a catalytic reformer, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit and a delayed coker unit. Renewable Biofuels conducted a planned shutdown at its biodiesel plant in Port Neches, Texas, for freeze protection, according to a filing with the TCEQ. MIDSTREAM DISRUPTIONSIn some cases, midstream companies reported freeze offs and hydrates forming. If these happen on a wide enough scale, they could interrupt the supply of natural gas. Chemical plants and refineries burn natural gas to produce process heat, and power plants use it to produce electricity. PORTSPorts in Houston and New Orleans were closed through Wednesday because of cold weather. Container vessel operations will begin at Port Houston at 19:00 local time on Wednesday, while all Port Houston facilities will begin normal operations on Thursday. NO WIDESPREAD POWER OUTAGES Texas avoided the widespread power outages that had led to several plant shutdowns during winter storm Uri in 2021. FREEZING TEMPERATURES TO END BY FRIDAYTemperatures rose above freezing during Wednesday, and daily highs should continue to rise as the week progresses. Lows should be just below freezing on Wednesday and Thursday, according to meteorologists. (Thumbnail shows snow, which can precipitate in the type of cold weather that can disrupt plant operations. Image by Michael Ainsworth/AP/Shutterstock)
22-Jan-2025
INSIGHT: Trump's first-day orders lay groundwork for future tariffs
HOUSTON (ICIS)–US President Donald Trump did not propose any new tariffs on his first day in office, but he did issue an executive order that calls for his administration to conduct the investigations needed to impose them under several sections of the law – in many cases, repeating the same playbook Trump used during his first term in office. While the investigations take place, the US can use the threat of possible tariffs to negotiate agreements. If the negotiations fail, the US would have taken the steps necessary to respond with tariffs. Trump did indicate that he is considering imposing tariffs on Canada and Mexico as early as 1 February. This could rely on using existing laws in unprecedented ways. The US chemical industry is vulnerable to tariffs because it has deficits in commodities such as benzene, melamine and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Its large exports of plastics make it vulnerable to retaliatory tariffs. TRUMP LAYS FOUNDATION FOR TARIFFSAmong the investigations that will be launched by Trump's executive order, those into national security could lead to Section 232 tariffs, which Trump imposed on steel during his first term. Discriminatory trade practices would open the door to Section 201 tariffs, which were imposed on washing machines and solar panels. Unfair trade practices could lead to Section 301 tariffs. The US imposed these against numerous Chinese imports. That unleashed a trade war, with China imposing retaliatory tariffs, many of which targeted US exports of plastics and chemicals. POSSIBLE NEW TARIFFSTrump's first-day order pointed to other reviews that his administration could complete faster and lead to new tariffs imposed under different sections of the law. These could fall under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 (IEEPA), Section 338 and Section 122. Trump's first-day order did not mention these specific laws, but it did mention national security, discriminatory actions against US products and balance of payment deficits – all issues that these laws were designed to address. These laws could allow Trump to impose tariffs on a faster schedule. The IEEPA only requires consultation with Congress, and Section 1222 can apparently be imposed unilaterally, according to the American Action Forum (AAF), a think tank. THREAT OF CANADIAN, MEXICAN TARIFFS ON 1 FEBRUARYTrump would need such speed if he were to impose 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico goods on 1 February, a possibility that he mentioned on Monday, according to CNBC and other publications. Drug trafficking and immigration could provide the national security basis needed under these laws. REVISITING THE PHASE 1 AGREEMENT WITH CHINATrump's first-day order called for a review of the Economic and Trade Agreement to determine if China is living up to its end of the deal. The agreement is more commonly known as the phase one deal, and the two countries signed it in January 2020. It included commitments by China to purchase more goods from the US; to adopt policies that will protect intellectual property; and to reduce pressure on companies to transfer technology. China has not fulfilled its import commitments under the agreement, and Trump's order said the country could impose additional tariffs in response. US CHEMS VULNERABLE TO TARIFFSUnless Trump carves out exceptions, his proposed tariffs on China and Mexico could raise costs for US chemical producers. Canada provides US refiners with heavier grades of oil that are not produced in sufficient quantities domestically for the nation's refineries. Canadian oil complements the light grades of oil that the US produces in abundance from its shale fields. Regional US markets may rely on Canadian imports because they are closer than the more distant sources along the US Gulf. Those customers will have to reroute their supply chains if they want to avoid tariffs. For the broader tariffs that Trump proposed in his campaign, they could prompt countries to impose retaliatory duties on US shipments of plastics and chemicals. The US is vulnerable to such tariffs because it has large surpluses of many plastics and chemicals, such as vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), methanol, ethylene glycols (EG), polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Tariffs on Chinese imports of rare earth materials would increase production costs for catalysts. Tariffs on fluorspar and hydrofluoric acid (HF) could increase costs for US producers of fluorochemicals and fluoropolymers. Insight article by Al Greenwood (Thumbnail shows cranes and containers, which make up important infrastructure used in international trade. Image by Costfoto/NurPhoto/Shutterstock)
21-Jan-2025
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